The grapes of wrath愤怒的葡萄

TheGrapesofWrathWrittenbyJohnSteinbeckAboutthetitleWhilewritingthenovelathishome,Steinbeckhadunusualdifficultydevisingatitle.TheGrapesofWrath,suggestedbyhiswifeCarolSteinbeck,whichwasdeemedmoresuitablethananythingbytheauthor.ThetitleisareferencetolyricsfromTheBattleHymnoftheRepublic“(《共和国的战斗赞美诗》)---AwarsongoftheCivilWar:MineeyeshaveseenthegloryofthecomingoftheLord:Heistramplingoutthevintagewherethegrapesofwratharestored;HehathloosedthefatefullightningofHisterribleswiftsword:Histruthismarchingon.我们看到上帝降临的荣耀,他双脚踏着愤怒的葡萄,他拔出闪电这把无敌的利剑,他的真理在奔腾呼啸Theselyricsrefer,inturn,tothebiblicalpassage.WiththeStockMarketcrashof1929,AmericamovedintotheGreatDepression.TheeconomicstructureintheU.S.A.changed.Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorlengthened.Moreandmorepeoplelosttheirjobs,sotheunemploymentandpovertybecamethemainsocialproblems.ThenalotofpeoplewentalongtheHighway66tocalifornia,hopingtofindjobs,lands,dignitiesandtheirfutures.BackgroundtheGreatDepressionTheGreatDepressionin1930sTheWallStreetcrashinOct.24,1929,“thebottomdroppedofthestockmarket”Result:Thedimdecadeof1930sreplacedtheglittering1920s.Banksfailed,factoriesclosedandagriculturewithered;Joblessmillionsroamedthestreet;thebreadlessstretchedlong;Absolutepovertyandstruggledforsurvivalisanightmarishexperienceoflife.ImpressiveCharactersProtagonistofthestory;theJoadfamily'ssecondson,namedafterhisfather.Lateron,Tomtakesleadershipofthefamilyeventhoughheisyoung.TomJoadThemotheroftheJoadfamily.Practicalandwarm-spirited,shetriestoholdthefamilytogether.Sheisthehealerofthefamily’sillsandarbiterofitsarguments.MaJoadAformerpreacherwholosthisfaith.Heisaradicalphilosopher,amotivatorandunifierofmen,andamartyr(牺牲者).HeisaChrist-likefigure.JimCasyRelationshipoftheMajorCharactersTomJoadGrandpaGrandmaJohnJoadRuthieJoadWinfieldJoadPaJoadMaJoadJimCasyConnieRiverRoseofSharonNoahJoadAlJoadMulleyGravesPlot①.InitialSituation——ThelandischangingTomJoadisparoled(假释)fromprisonforhomicide.Onhisjourneyhome,hemeetsanow-formerpreacher,JimCasy,whomheremembersfromhischildhood,andthetwotraveltogether.Whentheyarriveathischildhoodfarmhome,Oklahoma，theyfinditdeserted.There‘sbeenadrought,duststormsarerampant(TheDustBowl黑色风暴),cropsaredead,theeconomyisweak,andlandownersmustkicktenantfarmers（佃户，佃农）(liketheJoads)offoftheland.Plot②.Conflict——TheJoadsmustmovewestward.TheJoadsbuyacarandmovewestonRoute66,likethousandsofotherfamilies,insearchofanewlife,anewhome,andnewopportunity.WithnoworkhereinOklahoma,theyhavenootherchoice.11Route66Plot3.Complication——Californiaisnotallthat.OverthreehundredthousandpeoplehavemovedtoCalifornia,alllookingforthesamething:jobs.TheJoadscan'tfindanyjobsandcan'tsettledown.Theyarehungry,theyaretired,theylosefourmembersofthefamily.Plot④.Climax——Tomkillsaman.TomisreunitedwithReverendCasy,whohasbecomeanagitatororapicketer,fightingforworkerrights.TheauthoritiesmurderCasy,andTomkillsoneoftheauthorities.He'sinbigtroublenow.⑤.Suspense—Ruthiespillsthebeans.Thefloodwatersrise.Tomtriestohidefromtheworlduntilthemurderhe‘scommittedblowsover（平息）,buthislittlesisteraccidentallyspillsthebeans（说漏嘴）andtellstheworldwhathe'sdone.Meanwhile,itstartsrainingreallyhardandthecreekbesidetheJoads'boxcarhomerises.Plot⑥.Denouement——Tomrunsaway,theJoadsescapeNotwantingtodraghisfamilyintohiscrime,Tomrunsawayforgood.Asthefloodwaterscontinuetorise,RoseofSharon‘sbabyisstillborn（死胎）.TheJoadsleavetheirboxcarinsearchofhigheranddryerground.⑦.Conclusion——Adyingmanisnursed.Intheend,RoseofSharoncommitstheonlyactinthebookthatisnotfutile:shebreastfeedsamantoosickfromstarvationtoeatsolidfood,stilltryingtoshowhopeinhumanityafterherownnegativeexperience.Thisfinalactissaidtoillustratethespontaneousmutualsharingthatwillleadtoanewawarenessofcollectivevalues.showingauthor’sclearexpressionofsympathywiththedispossessed(失去产业的)andthewretched.PurposeofthenovelWritingstyles•Metaphoricallanguages•Significanceofmemory•Carefulchoiceofwords,lavishdescription,true-to-the-heartportrayalofpeople•Shortsentences,propheticandpowerfultoneAllegoryRoadAnimalsMusicFarmingBugsTurtleDogAllegoryTheWestTheSunBloodPregnancyAllegory1.ThesavingpowerofFamilyandFellowshipTheGrapesofWrathchroniclesthestoryoftwo“families”:theJoadsandthecollectivebodyofmigrantworkers.WhentheJoadsmeettheWilsons,inaremarkablyshorttime,thetwogroupsmergeintooneanother’ssurvival.Thismergingtakesplaceamongthemigrantcommunityingeneralaswell:“twentyfamiliesbecameonefamily,thechildrenwerethechildrenofall.Theloseofhomebecameonelose,andthegoldendreaminthewestwasonedream.”Thelivelihoodofthemigrantsdependsupontheirunion.AsTomeventuallyrealize“his”peopleareallpeople.ImpressiveCharactersProtagonistofthestory;theJoadfamily'ssecondson,namedafterhisfather.Lateron,Tomtakesleadershipofthefamilyeventhoughheisyoung.TomJoadThemotheroftheJoadfamily.Practicalandwarm-spirited,shetriestoholdthefamilytogether.Sheisthehealerofthefamily’sillsandarbiterofitsarguments.MaJoadAformerpreacherwholosthisfaith.Heisaradicalphilosopher,amotivatorandunifierofmen,andamartyr(牺牲者).HeisaChrist-likefigure.JimCasy2.LiesandDeceitCentraltoTheG