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RevisionofthePresentPerfectTense现在完成时专讲复习目录•现在完成时态的概念•现在完成时态的结构•现在完成时态的否定，疑问形式•现在完成时态的用法•现在完成时态与一般过去式的比较•现在完成时态练习冬天来了，春天还会远吗？Ifwinterhasalreadycome,canspringbefarbehind?1.现在完成时的概念1）表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；2）表示过去已经开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。E.g.HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.pastnowfuture现在完成时一般过去式现在进行时一般将来时一.结构1.肯定句:have/has+p.p.(过去分词)2.否定句:have/has+not+p.p.(过去分词)3.一般疑问句:Have/Has提到句首Yes,…have/has.No,…haven't/hasn’t.动词的过去式以及过去分词•AAA:put–put–putlet—let–let•ABB:stand—stood—stood•ABA:become—became—become•ABC:eat—ate—eaten•AAB:beat--beat--beaten规则动词•(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。•work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited•(2)以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。•live---lived---lived•(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将y变为i，再加“ed”。•study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried•(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。•stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped5.缩写形式Ihave…Youhave…Wehave…Theyhave…Hehas…Shehas…=I’ve…=You’ve…=We’ve…=They’ve…=He’s…=She’s…二、用法1、表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果--Wouldyoulikesomebread?--No,thanks.Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.(对现在的影响：不饿)常与副词just（刚刚）,already,before,yet（一般疑问：已经；否定句：还),never,ever等连用。①Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.②Haveyoueverriddenahorse?③Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.④Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedonethatalready.⑤I’vejustfinishedmyhomework.⑥Hehasnotcomeyet.常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词:already(已经):用于肯定句Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.yet(已经):用于否定句,疑问句Hehasn’tdonehishomeworkyet.just(刚刚)Theyhavejustleft.ever(曾经)HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?never(从不)Ihaveneverseenhim.before(以前)Haveyouseenthefilmbefore?since(自从…以来)I’veworkedintheschoolsince1999.for(长达)He’slivedinShenzhenfor6years.inthepastseveraldays/weeks/years(在过去的…)recently(最近)Ihavenotwrittentomyparentsrecently.sofar(到目前为止)Sofarshehaslearned5Englishsongs.uptonow(到目前为止)thismorning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年)already和yet的区别already常用于肯定句中或句末；yet常用于一般疑问句或否定句末。但表惊讶时already也可用于疑问句。e.g.1.Tomhasalreadyfinishedhiswork.2.Tomhasn’tfinishedhisworkyet.3.What!Haveyoualreadyfinishedit?2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。通常和for（一段时间）,since（时间点）引导的时间状语连用。此外还可以与sofar,inthelasttenyears,bynow,thesedays等连用。Ihavebeenhereforabout5years.Hehasworkedheresince1989.Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years/since3yearsago.Theyhavelivedheresince1990.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthelast10years.for和since的运用for“经历(时间段)”since“自从…以来”for＋时间段since＋时间段＋agosince＋时间点since＋从句1.Hehasstayedherefor3hours.2.Hehasstayedheresince3hoursago.3.Hehasstayedheresince3o’clock.4.HehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.练一练：用for和since填空。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere______lastSunday_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______threeyearsago_______lastmonthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince注意点一:since的用法1.+具体的过去时间since2008sincesincelastSunday+…agosincetwoyearsago+句子(过去时)2.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句.(自从某事发生已有一段时间了.)Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.注意点二：短暂性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与表示时间段的短语连用。这些动词是：buy,borrow,become,begin,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,gettoknow,go,join,leave,marry等。为了表述相同的意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替短暂性动词。如：我买这个手机有三年了。Iboughtthecellphone3yearsago.Ihavehadthecellphonefor3years.1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。2.Nick参军3年了.3.他离开深圳好长时间了。4.这本书我已借了4个月了.Hisgrandpahasdiedfor2years.Nickhasjoinedthearmyfor3years.HehasleftShenzhenforalongtime.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor4months.XXXX实义动词分为:1)瞬间动词(die,join,leave,borrow等)2)延续动词(wait,know,learn等)注意:瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换come/go—be(in)leave—beaway(from)borrow—keepbuy—havedie—bedeadgettoknow—knowbegin—beongoout—beoffgoout—beoffarrive–behere/theremarry/getmarried---bemarriedcatchacold---haveacoldfallasleep/gettosleep—beasleepjointheParty—beintheParty/beamemberof实义动词分为:1)瞬间动词2)延续动词瞬间动词joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleave注意:瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.method2:Itis+时间段since+一般过去时的句子.1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。2.Nick参军3年了.3.他离开深圳好长时间了。4.这本书我已借了4个月了.Itis2yearssincehisgrandpadied.Itis3yearssinceNickjoinedthearmy.ItisalongtimesinceheleftShenzhen.Itis4monthssinceIborrowedthebook.√×××√×√√()()()()()()()()Ihaveboughtanewdictionaryforaweek.Ihavehadanewdictionaryforaweek.我买一本新词典已有一星期了。Theyhavecomeherefortwodays.Theyhavebeenherefortwodays.他们来这儿已经两天了。HehasjoinedtheLeaguememberfortwoyears.HehasbeenaLeaguememberfortwoyears.他已入团两年了。Themanhasbeendeadforseveralyears.Themanhasdiedforseveralyears.这个人已经去世好几年了。练一练√√××1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor2weeks.()2.Thefilmhasbegunfor5minutes.()ABCABCBkeptBbeenon3.这辆自行车我买了两年了。I’ve_____thebike_____twoyears.4.HeleftNanjingtwoyearsago.He____________________Nanjingfortwoyears.5.Themonkeydiedlastmonth.Themonkey_______________foramonth.hadforhasbeenawayfromhasbeendead注意点三：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在，甚至会继续下去，或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,lastnight,twoweeksago等。牢记:when不与现在完成时连用。PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.A:火车已经开走了。B:什么时候开走的?A:半个小时之前开走的。2.A:你看过这部电影吗?B:看过。A:什么时候看的？B:上周星期天看的。A:Thetrainhasleft.B:Whendiditleave？A:Itlefthalfanhourago.A:Haveyouseenthefilm?B:Yes,Ihave.A:Whendidyouseeit?B:IsawitlastSunday.试比较：注意点四：havebeento,havebeenin,havegoneto的区别1、have(has)beenin表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表