初中宾语从句精讲精练

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1宾语从句精讲在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它在复合句中充当主句的谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。如:Iknowthatthemanisapoliceman.主句引导词从句宾语从句三要素:连接词、语序和时态。Ⅰ.宾语从句的引导词1.陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:MyteachersaidIwasagoodboy.老师说我是个好男孩。Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.我相信他会成功的。2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:(1)IsJimagoodstudent?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.(2)DoesKategetupearly?Doyouknow?→Doyouknowif/whetherKategetsupearly?注意:只能用whether不用if的三种情况•①与ornot连用:HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.•②在介词之后:Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.•③在不定式之前:Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导。如:(1).Whatisshedoing?Canyoutellme?→Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?(2).Wheredoesshelive?Doyouknow?→Doyouknowwhereshelives?Ⅱ.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序原句式引导词从句语序例句陈述句that保持原序不变Ithinkthatwecanbegoodfriends.一般疑问句if/whether改为陈述语序Ican’trememberifIpostedtheletter.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序HeaskedwhyIwaslaterforclass.注意事项:当从句的原句以what,who,which等疑问词作从句主语时,语序不变:e.g.Idon’tknowwhat’swrongwithher.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Ⅲ.宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定,可以是任意时态。Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。例如:HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.特殊情况:1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时,任用现在时。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.2.从句中有具体时间状语,即使从句动作发生在主句动作前,仍然用一般过去时。Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.宾语从句精练1.Ihope________itwillsnowthiswinter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./2答案及解析:Dhope后面应该接that引导的宾语从句,that在句中没有任何意义,可以省略。2.—Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where答案及解析:A从下文的答语看,上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。3.Ican’tremember________Ihaveseenhimbefore.A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how答案及解析:A本句表达一种不确定的概念,用whether或if。4.—Doyouknow________?I’mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.Lilived答案及解析:C宾语从句要用陈述语气,排除A、B两项。从句意判断,问的是“现在住哪儿?”。5.—Wheredoyouthink________he________thecomputer?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A./;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.does;buy答案及解析:Adoyouthink是插入语,可以把它去掉,分析句意应该使用过去时态和陈述语序。6.Ican’tunderstand________helikescomputergamessomuch.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where答案及解析:C句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。7.—Doyouknow________theMP3playerlastweek?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.howmuchdidshepayforB.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchshepaidforD.howmuchshewillpayfor答案及解析:C宾语从句要用陈述语序,由此排除A、B两项,由lastweek判断应该用过去时态。8.Idon’tknow________tomorrow.Canyoutellme?A.whenwestartedB.whendidwestartC.whenwewillstartD.whenwillwestart答案及解析:C由tomorrow判断,应该用将来时态表示。9.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper______WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if答案及解析:注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字《谁动了我的奶酪》,本句含义是“一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣”。所以答案是D项。10.Iwastold________BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen答案及解析:注意后面从句的含义是“比尔·盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑”,应该用when表示“当……时”,本句中的that是宾语从句的引导词。所以选D项。11.—Iwonder________.—Zebras.A.whatdotheycalltheseanimalsB.howtheycalltheseanimalsC.whattheycalltheseanimalsD.howdotheycalltheseanimals答案及解析:本句含义是“我想知道他们叫这些动物什么”,排除B、D两项。另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。所以选C项。12.Theoldmantoldus_______and________.A.todowhat,todohowB.whattodoit,howtodoitC.whattodo,howtodoitD.whattodo,howtodo答案及解析:疑问词what即连接不定式,又做do的宾语;而在how引导的不定式短语中,how表示方式,do为及物动词,因此需接宾语才正确。应选C13.Ourteachertoldusthatthemoon_________roundtheearth.3A.wentB.turnedC.goD.turns答案及解析:从句是一个客观真理,因此从句的时态不受主句影响。应选D21.Heaskedme________wecouldgotoBeijingtowatchthegamebyplane.A.thatB.ifC.howD.what22.-Excuseme.Couldyoutellme________?-Yes.Thereisavideoshopnexttothetallbuilding.A.wherecanIbuysomeCDsB.whereIcanbuysomeCDsC.whencanIbuysomeCDsD.whenIcanbuysomeCDs23.Idon’tknowifmyuncle________.Ifhe________,Iwillbeveryhappy.A.comes;willcomeB.willcome;willcomeC.comes;comesD.willcome;comes24.Myphysicsteachersaidthatlight________fasterthansound.A.travelB.travelsC.traveled25.Youaregrowingsofast.Canyoutellme________now?A.howfastareyouB.howfastyouareC.howtallareyouD.howtallyouare26.-Excuseme,couldyoutellme________?-Certainly.Gostraightaheadandyou’llseeitonyourleft.A.wherethepostofficeisB.whenyouwillvisitthemuseumC.whereisthepostofficeD.whenwillyouvisitthemuseum27.Iwantedtoknow________,butnoonewouldliketotellme.A.whatdidtheoldmansayB.whattheoldmanneedC.whatdidtheoldmanwantD.whattheoldmanmeant28.-Excuseme.Couldyoutellme________?-Yes.ThereisavideoshoponRiverRoad.A.wherecanIbuysomeCDsB.whereIcanbuysomeCDsC.whencanIbuysomeCDsD.whenIcanbuysomeCDs29.-Doyouthink________aconcertinourschoolhallthisweekend?-Yes,therewill.A.therewillhaveB.therewillbeC.willtherebeD.willtherehave30.-Couldyoupleasetellme________?-It’snexttothehotel.A.whereisthemuseumB.themuseumiswhereC.wherethemuseumis21B。考查if引导的宾语从句。结合题意“他问我我们是否能乘飞机去北京看比赛”422B。从语序方面先排除A、C二项;另结合答语“Thereisavideoshopnexttothetallbuilding.”23D24B。“光传播的速度比声音快”是客观事实,故用一般现在时,light是第三人称单数形式25D26A。宾语从句必须用陈述句语序,故排除C、D二项;由答语“Gostraightaheadandyou’llseeitonyourleft.”可选A。27D。由语序先排除A、C二项,主句是一般过去时,从句应为相应的过去某个时态,排除B。28B。在宾语从句中,从句要用陈述语序。分析比较四个选项可先排除A、C;另结合答语“ThereisavideoshoponRiverRoad.”可舍D选B。2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