英语中的暗喻

2.隐喻METAPHORCompare:Habitmaybelikenedtoacable;everydayweweaveathread,andsoonwecannotbreakit.习惯像缆索，每天我们编上一条线，不久我们便扯不断了。Habitisacable;everydayweweaveathread,andsoonwecannotbreakit.习惯是缆索，每天我们编上一条线，不久我们便扯不断了。Metaphor,perhapsthemostimportantfigureofspeech,pointsoutresemblancebutwithnoacknowledgingword.(BritannicaBookofEnglishUsage)隐喻的表达形式(1)名词型(nounmetaphors)Timeismoney.Lifeisajourney.Alltheworld’sastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers.(WilliamShakespeare)整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。霎时间，东西长安街成了喧腾的大海。（袁鹰：《十月长安街》）Atonce，theEasternandWesternChang’anRoadsbecameroaringoceans.他是一本活词典(百科全书)。Heisawalkingdictionary／encyclopedia.Asilverplate(=Themoon)isrisingupinthesky.一个银盘在天边升起。Thehumantidewasrollingwestward.(Dickens)人流向西涌去。Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn,goodandilltogether.(Shakespeare)我们的生活是吉凶交织而成的网。He1ivesinapalaceofahouse.他住在宫殿一般的房子里，Theboatdisappearedinamountainofawave.船在一般如山高的大浪中消失了。Shewasanangelofawife.她是天仙般的妻子。I’vegotthedevilofatoothache.我牙痛不堪。Heisabagofwind.他只说不干。Heisanoldwoman.他是个婆婆妈妈的人。Heisanall-purposebasket.他是一个多面手。Wehadbeensingingallnightinthetavern.NextmorningIhadafroginthethroat.我们在酒馆里唱了一整夜的歌，第二天早晨我的嗓子就嘶哑了。(2)动词型(verbmetaphors)ThecasesnowballedintooneofthemostfamoustrialsinU.S.history.这个案子像滚雪球似地，最终成了美国历史上最著名的审判之一。Theboywolfeddownthefoodthemomenthegrabbedit.那男孩儿一抓到食物便狼吞虎咽般地吃了下去。Theboyisshootingupfast.这个小孩长得特快。Wavesthunderedagainsttherocks.水浪猛烈地拍打着岩岸。Thecorridorwasfloodedwithboysandgirls.走廊里挤满了男女小孩。Shemelted\dissolvedintotears.她感动得流下眼泪。Don’tmonkeywiththenewradio.不要乱动新收音机。Misfortunedoggedhimateveryturn．灾难老是折磨着他。Thelongfacedhijackerbarkedhisorders.那个长脸的劫机者狂吠般地发号施令。Everythingwasbathedinthegoldensunlight.万物沐浴在金色的阳光下。Hetailedherintothecave.他尾随着她走进洞穴。Exercise:Ihavebeenwrestlingwiththisproblemforhalfahhour.我钻研这个问题已经半小时了。Thetrainsteamedintothestation.火车吐着气开进了车站。Heneedledhiswaythroughthecrowd.他穿过人群。(3)形容词型(adjectivemetaphors)Itisathornyproblem／issue／subject.这是个棘手的问题(题目)。Thegirlisadeadshot.这位姑娘是神枪手!Helovesarosycheek.他喜欢玫瑰色面颊。Shehasaphotographicmemoryfordetail.她对细节有照相机般的记忆力。thegoldenagestormyapplauseironwillasilvertongueabitingnorthwind黄金时代雷鸣般的掌声钢铁般的意志流利的口才刺骨的北风Exercise:Hisspeechtouchedoffastormyprotest.他的演讲引起了强烈的抗议。Weregarditasaburningshametohavelaggedbehind.我们把落后看成是奇耻大辱。他有着极好的机会。Hehasagoldenopportunity.(4)副词型(adverbialmetaphors)Heflatlyrefusedus.他坚决拒绝我们。Timepassedatasnail’space.Theyescapedbyahair’sbreadth.他们死里逃生。(5)谚语型(proverbsservingasmetaphors)Givehimaninchandhewillmakeamile.得寸进尺。Lookbeforeyouleap.三思而后行。Striketheironwhileitishot.趁热打铁。Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush／wood.双鸟在林，不如一鸟在手。Donotputthecartbeforethehorse.勿将本末倒置。Donotwashyourdirtylineninpublic.家丑不可外扬。Tomorrowisanother(anew)day.重振旗鼓，东山再起。Anewbroomsweepsclean.新官上任三把火。Everydoghasits／hisday.人人皆有得意时。