中考英语阅读理解公开课课件

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阅读理解解题技巧Readingcomprehension!Readingcomprehension是英语能力培养的重点项目,是考试的一个重要题型,分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。因此,阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型,多了解考点,真正做到有的放矢,提高命中率。主旨大意型事实细节型词义猜测型命题类阅读理解题目主要有以下几种:推理判断型一、主旨大意题此类题大多数针对短文的主题、主题思想、标题或目的,是根据文章意思全面理解,来进行归纳概括。1)Thepassageismainlyabout____?2)Thepassagetellsusthat______.3)Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat______.4)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?5)Whichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthistext?6)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?7)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?8)What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:如何获取段落的主旨和大意?最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章(或一段文章)通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此,理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。在一篇短文或一个段落中,大部分主题句的情况有三种:主题句在段首或篇首主题句在段末或篇末无主题句主旨大意题的解题方法和技巧:Almostallculturescelebratetheendofoneyearandthebeginningofanotherinsomeway.Differentculturescelebratethebeginningofanewyearindifferentways,andatdifferenttimesonthecalendar.(武汉.2014年中考B篇第一段)61.Thereadingismainlyabout_____.A.themeaningof“HappyNewYear!”B.severaldifferentNewYeartraditionsC.whattoeatonNewYear’sDayD.whypeopledressupnicelyonNewYear’sDay(一)主题句在段首或篇首Passage1Alllivingthingsontheearthneedotherlivingthingstolive.Nothinglivesalone.Mostanimalsmustliveinagroup,andevenaplantgrowsclosetogetherwithothersofthesamekind.Sometimesonelivingthingkillsanother,oneeatsandtheotheriseaten.Eachkindoflifeeatsanotherkindoflifeinordertolive,andtogethertheyformafoodchain(食物链)。Somefoodchainsbecomebrokenupifoneofthelinksdisappears(陕西.中考B篇第一段):Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.AnimalsB.PlantsC.FoodChainsD.LivingThingsPassage2评析:找出主题句即第一句。这个句子概括了本段的中心意思,“地球上所有的生物要生存都离不开其它的生物”。后面讲述了大量的事实,“大部分动物必须成群的生活,甚至一种植物也要和其它同类的植物靠在一起生长。有时一种生物杀死另一种生物,一种生物吃另一种生物,而另一种生物被吃”。在列举了大量的事实之后,作者指出:如果这些食物链中的一个链环消失,所有的食物都会断掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一个句子展开的。根据主题句的意思,我们可以很容易判断:FoodChainsAndrewwonmanyprizesforhisbraveandgreatworktostopthehousesbeingbuilt,andthushelpsavetheenvironment.(武汉.16年中考B篇)Passage161.Thepassageismainlyabout_______.A.250peoplewhosignedtohelpAndrewB.AbraveboywhocaredfortheenvironmentC.TheopenlandthatsuitedanimalsandplantsD.Theresearchofimprovingtheenvironment(二)主题句在段末或篇末Billwasoverjoyedwithwhathegot.HedecidedthatfromthenonhewouldsupportthePanthers.HekeepstheletterfromJerryinhisbedroom.Hismothersays,“It’snotthehelmettheysentus.It’swhattheytoldus.”ThatiswhatmatteredtoBillandwhyhechosetobecomeaPanthers’fan.(武汉.16年中考C篇)70.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe________.A.ChristmasGiftB.HelpfulMotherC.ReceivingaHelmetD.ChoosingaTeamPassage2(武汉.2014年中考C篇)Ineversawmyfatherhomefromworklateorill,nordidIeverseemyfathertakea“nightoutwiththeboys”.Hehadnohobbiesbutjusttookcareofhisfamily.For22years,sinceIlefthomeforcollege,myfathercalledmeeverySundayat9:00am.Hewasalwaysinterestedinmylife-howmyfamilywasdoing.ThecallsevencamewhenheandmymotherwereinAustralia,EnglandorFlorida.NineyearsagowhenIboughtmefirsthouse,myfather,67yearsold,spenteighthoursadayforthreedays,paintingmyhouse.Hewouldnotallowmetopaysomeonetohaveitdone.Allheaskedwasaglassoficedtea,andthatIholdapaintbrushforhimandtalktohim.ButIwastoobusy,forIhadalawpracticetorun,andIcouldnottakethetimetoholdthepaintbrush,ortalktomyfather.(三)无主题句Fiveyearsago,my71-year-oldfatherspentfivehoursputtingtogetheraswingset(秋千)formydaughter.Again,allheaskedwasthatIgethimaglassoficedtea,andtalktohim,butagain,Ihadlaundrytodo,andthehousetoclean.ThemorningonSunday,January16,1995,myfathertelephonedmeasusual,thistimehehadseemedtohaveforgottensomethingswehaddiscussedtheweekbefore.Ihadtogettochurch,andIcuttheconversationshort.Thecallcameat4:40am.ThatdaymyfatherwassenttohospitalinFlorida.Igotonaplaneimmediately,andIvowed(发誓)thatwhenIarrived,Iwouldmakeupforthelosttime,andhaveanicelongtalkwithhimadreallygettoknowhim.IarrivedinFloridaat1:00am,butmyfatherhadpassedawayat9:12pm.Thistimeitwashewhodidnothavetimetotalk,ortimetowaitforme.IntheyearssincehisdeathIhavelearntmuchaboutmyfather,andevenmoreabouteverysingleday.70.Whichisthebesttitleofthereading?A.PaintingHousesB.Daughter’sFamilyC.FatherandID.Father’sphonecalls评析:按照上面的说明,我们可以得出第1段的大意:第一段讲的是我的父亲是一个很顾家的人。第2~4段讲的是几件父亲与我的往事,以及我总是因为有事而没能与父亲好好聊天。第5~7段讲的是父亲去世了,我再也不能和父亲好好聊天了。第8段讲的是我对父亲的想念。从这几段的大意可以看出这篇文章自始至终都是围绕“我和父亲”这一中心展开的。换句话说,“FatherandI”就是这篇文章的主题。二、事实细节题此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。文章中心是论点,事实细节是论据或主要理由;有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问,所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案事实细节题的常见的提问形式:1)Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?2)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3)Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.4)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?5)WhichofthefollowingisNotTrueinthepassage?6)Fromthispassageweknow________.如何确定细节和事实?在阅读理解题目中,有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点:(1)凡属针对特定细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语,也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子,但可能句式、用词和表达方式不同。(2)干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂,正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂,甚至真假混杂。因此,要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目,一要在文章中找出相应的信息点,二要排除干扰项。事实细节题的解题方法和技巧:67.Whenherfatherpaintedherfirsthouse,thedaughter_____.A.couldonlyaffordaglassoficedteaB.wastoobusytotalktoherfatherC.coulddonothingbutholda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