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Pastsimplevs.pastperfectsimple1.cleanedtheblackboard2.closedthewindow——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→nowhadcleanedtheblackboardclosedthewindowShehadcleanedtheblackboardbeforesheclosedthewindow.Aftershehadcleanedtheblackboard,sheclosedthewindow.drankwaterhadrunoutofbreath1.ranoutofbreath2.drankwaterHehadrunoutofbreathbeforehedrankwater.Afterhehadrunoutofbreath,hedrankwater.——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→now1.ateanapple2.slept——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→nowhadeatenanapplesleptShehadeatenanapplebeforesheslept.Aftershehadeatenanapple,sheslept.2.playedpingpong1.didhishomework——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→nowplayedpingponghaddonehishomeworkHehaddonehishomeworkbeforeheplayedpingpong.Afterhehaddonehishomework,heplayedPingpong.Discussion:1.ThestructureofthePastperfecttense:（结构）2.ThedefinitionofthePastperfecttense:（定义）主语+had+动词的过去分词(p.p.)定义：强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。1.在老师进入教室前,李磊擦了黑板.LiLei______________(clean)theblackboardbeforetheteachercameintotheclassroom.hadcleaned2.当我们到那儿时火车已经离开了。Thetrain__________(leave)whenwearrivedthere.hadleftWeusethepastperfectsimplewhenweneedtomakeitclearthataneventtookplacebeforeanotherpastevent.构成：过去完成时的判断依据:1.由时间状语来判定：一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：(1)by+过去的时间点。如：昨天晚上九点前我已经读完这本小说了。Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.(2)bytheendof+过去的时间点。如：截止到上学期末，我们已经学了两千多个英文单词了。WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(3)before+过去的时间点。如：上周三以前他们已经中了六百棵树了。TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.2.由“过去的过去”来判定：过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：(1)宾语从句中:当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：她说她以前看过这电影。Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.(2)状语从句中:在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：当我到达车站时，火车已经离开了。WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.他完成作业以后，就上床睡觉了。Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句也可以都用一般过去时。如：你来这儿之前在哪儿学习？Wheredidyoustudy(hadyoustudied)beforeyoucamehere?他关上门，离开了教室。Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.(3)表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本…，未能…我们原本希望你会来，但你没来。Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.3.根据上、下文来判定。昨天我在街上见到了王涛，自从他来到北京后我们还没见过面。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehecametoBeijing.用所给动词的正确形式填空．(10’/1)1.Thepoorgirlneversawhergrandpabecausehe________________(passaway)beforeshewasborn.2.She________already___________(clean)theblackboardbeforeIenteredtheclassroom.hadpassedawaycleanedhad用所给动词的正确形式填空．(10’/1)3.He_______________(turnoff)thelightsbeforehelefttheclassroom.4._________yourparents_______(have)lunchwhenyouarrivedathome?hadturnedoffHadhadToday,Iwatched‘RomanHoliday’withmyfriends.Kittywasthefirstonetoarriveatthecinema.WhenMillieandI_______(arrive),Kitty___________(buy)theticketsalready.SimonandDanielcamenext.BeforeSimonandDaniel_______(come),MillieandI___________(go)togetsomedrinks.ThenallfiveofuswaitedforAmyoutsidethecinema.BeforeAmy_________(arrive),we___________(finish)ourdrinks.Whenwe_______(enter)thecinema,thefilm_____already_______(start).Luckily,wedidn’tmissmuch.arrivedhadfinishedhadgoneenteredarrivedhadstartedhadboughtcame•Exercises:•翻译句子：•1.到上个月底,你看了多少部英文电影?•HowmanyEnglishfilmshadyouseenbytheendoflastmonth?•2.今天上午十点钟前,他已完成了这项工作。•Hehadfinishedtheworkbeforeteno’clockthismorning.•3.在我妈妈回来之前,我已经完成了作业。•Ihadalreadyfinishedmyhomeworkbeforemymotherreturned.•4.我到运动场时,比赛已经开始了•ThematchhadalreadybegunwhenIgottotheplayground.•5.八点钟,学生开始在田里劳动,这时雨已经停止,太阳出来了。•Thestudentsstartedworkinginthefieldsateighto’clock.Therainhadstoppedandthesunwasshining.•6.在我爸爸搬到这里之前,他已在学校工作五年了。•Myfatherhadworkedintheschoolforfiveyearsbeforehemovedhere.•7.昨天我看到了David。自离开学校以来,我们都没有见过面。•IsawDavidyesterday.Wehadnotseeneachothersinceweleftschool.•8.到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。•BytheendofJunetheyhadtreatedover10,000patients.•9.他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。•Hehadservedinthearmyfortenyearsbeforeheretiredlastyear.•10.他告诉我他从小就认识她。•Hetoldmethathehadknownhersincehewasachild.•11.汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。•Tomflewhome,buthisfatherhadalreadydied.•12.我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。•Ihadhopedtobebacklastnight,butIdidn’tcatchthetrain.•13.我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走。•Wehadthoughttoreturnearlybuttheywouldn’tletusgo.•14.我原以为我以前见过他。•IthoughtIhadseenhimbefore.•15.到他到来时，那人已经离开了。•Bythetimehearrived,themanhadalreadyleft.综合时态填空：1.We____________(learn)2000Englishwordssincewecametothisschool.Theteachersaidwe_____________(learn)2000Englishwordssincethen.We____________(learn)500wordslastterm.We______________(learn)2000wordsbytheendoflastterm.2.He________________(have)ameetingnextweek.He________________(have)ameetingtwoweeksago.Hetoldmehe_______________(have)ameetingtwoweeksbefore.3.________you________(be)totheGreatWall?Theteacheraskedifyou_________________(be)totheGreatWall?havelearnedhadlearnedlearnedhadlearnedwillhavehadhadhadHavebeenhadbeen4.I________________(finish)myhomeworkwhenmyfathergothomeyesterday.I____________(finish)myhomeworkat10lastnight.5.Thefilm__________(begin)whenIgottothecinema.Thefilm_______________(be)onfor10minuteswhenIgottothecin