何首乌

第二章中药材各论RadixPolygoniMultiflori(何首乌)FleeceflowerRootOriginsPlantMorphologyCollectionandPreparationProductionandCommerceDescriptionMicroscopicalCharactersChemicalConstituentsPhysicalandChemicalIdentificationPharmacologyActionIndicationMaincontentsHeshouwuwasfirstrecordedinKaiBaoBenCao,anditliterallymeansamanwhosesurnameisHewithblackhair.AlegenedsaysthatHeshouwuwasthegrandsonofamanwhoatage58hadnotbeenabletofatherachild.Amonkadvisedhimtoeattheherbhegatheredonthemountain.Becauseoftakingtheherbconstantly,notonlydidhefatherseveralchildrenasaresult,buthishairturnedfromgreytoblackandhisbodybecamestrongerandmoreyouthful.Helivedtobe160,stillwithblackhair,andhischildlivedtobe130.Fromthattimeon,thisherbhasbeenusedtostrengthenthebodyandnourishvitalessence.OriginsAperennialtwiningherb.Theendoftherootinairregularplumpmass.Stemsomewhatwoodyatthebaseandmuchbranchedattheupperpart,herbaceous.Leavesalternate,withalongpetiole;bladecordate,4～9cmlong,2.5～5cmbroad,entire,glabrous;ocreamembranous.perennial：多年生petiole：叶柄ocrea：托叶鞘PlantMorphology植物形态Flowersnumerous,interminaloraxillarypanicles,small;perianth5-parted,white,thepartsunequalinsize.Acheneelliptical,3-ridged,coveredbythepersistingwingedperianth.FloweringseasonAug.～Oct.;fruitingseasonSept.～Nov..Theplantisdistributedintheeast,themiddle,thesouth,thesouthwestandthenorthofChina.PlantMorphologyterminal:顶生axillary：腋生panicles：圆锥花序perianth：花被achene：瘦果CollectionandPreparationThedrugiscollectedinautumn,washedclean,removedfromtwoends,thelargeonebeingsometimeshalvedorcutintopieces,andthendried.ProductionandCommerceThedrugismainlyproducedinHenan,Hubei,Guangxi,Guangdong,Guizhou,SichuanandJiangsu.Itissoldathomeandabroad.Inamassorirregularfusiform.6～15cmlong.4～12cmindiameter.Externallyreddish-brown,shrunkenanduneven,shallowlygrooved,withtransverseelongatedlenticelsandfinerootletscars.Textureheavy,compact,uneasilybroken,fracturepaleyellowish-brownorreddish-brown,starchy,barkexhibiting4～11subroundedringsofabnormalvascularbundles,formingbrocadedpatterns,woodincentralpart,relativelylarge,somehavingawoodycore.Odourless;tastebitterish,sweetishandastringent.Descriptionstarchy：粉性的viscous：粘性的horny：角质样lenticel-likeprotrusions：皮孔样凸起横断面：transverseelongatedsection横切面：transversesection纵切面：longitudinalsectionTransversesection:Corkconsistingofseverallayersofcells,filledwithbrowncontents.Phloemrelativelybroad,scatteredwith4～11subroundedabnormalvascularbundlesofcollateraltype,vesselsrareinthebundles.Inthecentralpartofaroot,cambiuminaring;vesselsinxylemless.Parenchymatouscellscontainingstarchgranules.Andclustersofcalciumoxalate,10～160μmindiameter.MicroscopicalCharactersabnormalvascularbundlescambiumxylemcorkphloemTransversection木栓层韧皮部异型维管束木质部形成层Powderpittedvessel：纹孔导管reticulatedvessel：网纹导管scalariformvessel:梯纹导管spiralvessel：螺纹导管clustersofcalciumoxalatebrowncellscorkcellsvesselsxylemfibrebrownmassesstarchgranulesemodinOHH3COHOHOOphyscione2，3，5，4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucosideOHHOOglcOHOHOHCH3H3COOOlecithinChemicalConstituentsdi-二tri-三tetra-四penta-五hydroxy-:羟基的Anthraquinone（1）取粉末约0.1g，加10％氢氧化钠溶液10ml，煮沸3分钟，冷后滤过。取滤液，加盐酸使成酸性，再加等量乙醚，振摇，乙醚层应显黄色。分取乙醚液4ml，加氨试液2ml，振摇，氨试液层显红色。（2）取粉末约0.2g，加乙醇5ml，热回流提取5分钟，趁热过滤，放冷。取滤液2滴，置蒸发皿中蒸干，趁热加三氯化锑的氯仿饱和溶液1滴，显红棕色至紫红色。PhysicalandchemicalIdentificationTonifyingeffect:强壮作用Purgativeeffect:泻下作用Cholesterollevel-loweringandatherosclerosisrelievingeffects.降低胆固醇及减轻动脉粥样硬化的作用。PharmacologyActionCrudeherb:Tocounteracttoxicity,tocurecarbuncles,andtorelaxbowels.生首乌：解毒、消痈、润肠通便。Preparedherb(RadixPolygoniMultifloriPreparata):Toinvigoratetheliverandthekidney,toreplenishvitalessenceandblood,toblackenthehair,andtostrengthenthetendonandbones.制首乌：能补肝肾、益精血、乌须发、壮筋骨。IndicationCrudeherb:Constipation,carbuncles,hyperlipemiaandtuberculosisoflymphaticglands.Preparedherb(RadixPolygoniMultifloriPreparata):Dizzinessandtinnitus,prematuregreyingatthehairandbeard,sorenessandweaknessoftheloinsandtheknees,numbnessoftheextremities,neurastheniaandhyperlipemia.含量测定/Assay•避光操作。照高效液相色谱法（附录VID）测定。•Operateprotectedfromlight.Carryoutthemethodforhighperformanceliquidchromatography(AppendixVID)含量测定•色谱条件与系统适应性试验•Chromatographicsystemandsystemsuitablity•以十八烷基硅烷键和硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（25：75）为流动相；检测波长为320nm。理论踏板数按2，3，5，4’-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-b-D-葡萄糖苷峰计算应不低于2000。•Useoctdecysilanebondedsilicagelasthestationaryphaseandamixtureofacetonitrileandwater(25:75)asthemobilephase.Asdeterctoraspectrophotometersetat320nm.Thenumberoftheoreticalplatesofthecolumnisnotlessthan2000,calculatedwiththereferencetothepeakof2,3,5,4’-tetrahydrostilbene-2-O-b-D-gulcoside•对照品溶液的制备/Referencesolution•精密称取2，3，5，4’-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-b-D-葡萄糖苷对照品适量，加稀乙醇制成每1ml含0.2mg的溶液，即得。•Weighaccuratelyaquantityof2,3,5,4’-tetrahydrostilbene-2-O-b-D-gulcosideCRS,dissolveindiluteethanoltoproduceasolutioncontaining0.2mgpermlasthereferencesolution.•供试品溶液的制备/Testsolution•取本品粉末（过四号筛）0.2g，精密称定，置锥形瓶中，精密加入稀乙醇25ml，称定重量，加热回流30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用稀乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，上清液滤过，取续滤液，即得。•Weighaccurately0.2gofthepowder(throughNo.4sieve)toaconicalflask,addaccurately25mlofdiluteethanolandweigh,heatunderrefluxonawaterb