Communicative activities-袁昌寰

Communicativeactivities英语课堂交际活动北京教育学院袁昌寰[e-mail]英语教学设计组成•教学分析教学内容分析学生分析教学背景分析教学设计评价教学设计｛｛教学目标设计教学策略设计教学过程设计教学活动设计教学技术设计学习活动评价活动过程性评价目标达成评价｛教学设计实施过程教学设计实施效果A.Lookatthethreeshortconversationinthepictureanddiscuss:•Whatsituationineachconversationmighttakeplaceinreallife?•Whymightthepersonbeaskingthequestion?•Inallthethreedialogues,thetwopeoplearegenuinelyexchanginginformation.•Thereissomethingthatonepersondoesnotknowandwantstofindout,andthatiswhyheorsheisaskingaquestion.Wecansaythatthepersonhasa‘communicativeneed”.B.Lookatthepictureandaskquestions.•Imaginestudentsinaclassareaskingandansweringquestionsaboutthispicture.•Whatmighttheysay?•Whyaretheyaskingthesequestions?ComparethisactivitywiththeconversationsinpartA,aretheythesameordifferent?•InpartB,thestudentsareaskingandansweringquestions,buttheyarenotgenuinelyexchanginginformation.Theyareaskingthequestionsinordertofindoutanythingtheyneedtoknow.Sotheydon’thaveany‘communicativeneed.’•Thestudentsareusingsimilarlanguagetothepeopleinthe‘reallife’conversation,butthepurposeofthequestionsisquitedifferent-itissimplytopracticelanguage.I.Thefeatureofthecommunicativeactivities交际活动的特征•Theremustbean‘informationgap’---onepersonhasinformationwhichanotherdoesnothave,sothereisaneedtocommunicate.•交际活动必须有信息差---交际双方中一个人具有一些信息,另外一个人没有此信息,他们之间产生了交际的需求。II.Differentkindsofcommunicativeactivities不同类型的交际活动•1.Guessinggames猜测活动A.GuessthepictureGuessthepicture.doc猜测图片Guessingthepicture1.docB.GuessthesentenceGuessthesentence.doc猜测句子C.Mime哑剧Mime.docD.Otherguessinggames其他猜测游戏1)Famouspeople猜测著名人物2)Myjob猜测工作II.Differentkindsofcommunicativeactivities不同类型的交际活动•2.‘Informationgap’exercises信息差练习A.Onestudenthassomeinformation,theotherhastofindouttheinformationbyaskingquestions.一人具有一些信息，另外一人需要靠问问题找到该信息。B.Onestudenthassomeinformationandtellsittotheotherstudent.一人具有一些信息，他将该信息告诉其他的学生。C.Bothorallstudentshavedifferentinformation,theytelleachotherwhattheyknow.两个或所有的学生都具有不同的信息，他们互相交流自己的信息II.Differentkindsofcommunicativeactivities不同类型的交际活动•2.‘Informationgap’exercises信息差练习Informationgapactivity.docII.Differentkindsofcommunicativeactivities不同类型的交际活动•3.Exchangingpersonalinformation交流个人信息•Exchangingpersonalinformation.docOneoftheeasiestandmostinterestingformsofcommunicativeactivityintheclassroomisforstudentstotelleachotherabouttheirownlives,interests,experiences,etc.Whenstudentstalkaboutthemselves,thereisanatural‘informationgap’,becauseeverybodyhassomethingslightlydifferenttosay.II.Differentkindsofcommunicativeactivities不同类型的交际活动•4.Roleplay角色扮演1)Roleplayisawaytobringsituationfromreallifeintotheclassroom.Whenwedoroleplay,weaskstudentstoimagine.Theymayimagine:---arole(角色):inotherwords,theypretendtobeadifferentperson.Roleplay-1.docShopping.doc---asituation(情景):inotherwords,theypretendtobedoingsomethingdifferent.Roleplay-2.doc---botharoleandasituation(角色和情景).Roleplay-3.docII.Differentkindsofcommunicativeactivities不同类型的交际活动2)Inroleplay,studentsimprovise即席创作.Thesituationisfixed,buttheymakeuptheexactwordstosayastheygoalong.(Soreadingadialogueisnotthesameasroleplay.)Discussion•Lookatthebookyouuseandfindwhatkindsofcommunicativeactivitiesthereareinthebook?•Arethereanyactivitieswhichshouldbeadaptedtobecomecommunicativeactivities?III.Waystoorganizedifferentkindsofactivities活动组织方法III.Waystoorganizedifferentkindsofactivities活动组织方法•1.Differentwaysoforganizingguessinggames.猜测活动的组织方法1)Inanyguessinggames,itisagoodideafortheteachertostandasideandletstudentstakeovertheactivity.教师从旁,让学生进行活动2)Inalargeclass,we’dbetterusethewaystogetwholeclassinvolved.在大班中,教师最好让全班参与活动III.Waystoorganizedifferentkindsofactivities活动组织方法•1.Differentwaysoforganizingguessinggames.猜测活动的组织方法3)Guessinggamescanalsobeorganizedwithstudentsworkinginsmallgroups.Theteachergivesapictureorasentencetoonestudentineachgroup,andtheothersinthegrouptrytoguessit.猜测活动也可以在小组中进行,教师将图片发给每组中的每个学生,其他学生进行猜测。III.Waystoorganizedifferentkindsofactivities活动组织方法•2.Thingstheteachershoulddotomakepairworkorgroupworkmoresuccessful.教师如何使对子或小组活动成功？1)活动前：Beforetheactivity,theteachershouldprepareforthepairworkbyestablishwhatthequestionsandanswersshouldbe.Sheshoulddemonstratethepairworkbyaskingquestionsroundtheclass,orbygettingonepairofstudentstoaskandanswerinfrontoftheclass.Thestudentswouldknowexactlywhattodo.III.Waystoorganizedifferentkindsofactivities活动组织方法2)Theteachershouldbeactiveinstartingthepairwork.Insteadofjustsaying‘Workinpairs’,shecouldshowstudentswhotoworkwith,checkthateveryonehasapartner,andcheckthateveryonehasstartedworkinginpairs.III.Waystoorganizedifferentkindsofactivities活动组织方法3)活动中：Duringtheactivity,theteachershouldmovequicklyroundtheclasstocheckthatstudentsaretalkingandtoseewhentheyfinish.III.Waystoorganizedifferentkindsofactivities活动组织方法4)活动结束：Insteadofwaitingforeveryonetofinish,shecouldstoptheactivity.Thentherewouldbenochanceforstudentstogetboredandstarttalkingaboutthings.III.Waystoorganizedifferentkindsofactivities活动组织方法5)活动后：Afterthepairworkorgroupwork,theteachercouldasksomepairsorgroupstorepeattheirconversationinfrontoftheclass.III.Waystoorganizedifferentkindso