凯伯国际贸易第三章(英文原版课件)

SourcesofComparativeAdvantage©2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse1PowerPointslidespreparedby:AndreeaChiritescuEasternIllinoisUniversityFactorEndowments•Factor-endowmenttheory•Heckscher-Ohlintheory•Immediatebasisfortrade:differencebetweenpre-traderelativeproductpricesoftradingnations•Pricesdependontheproductionpossibilitiescurvesandtastesandpreferences(demandconditions)inthetradingcountries•Productionpossibilitiescurvesdependontechnologyandresourceendowments©2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse2FactorEndowments•Factor-endowmenttheory•Ultimatedeterminantsofcomparativeadvantage•Technology•Resourceendowments•Demand•Assumption:technologyanddemandareapproximatelythesamebetweencountries©2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse3FactorEndowments•Factor-endowmenttheory•Resource-endowmentratio•Determinescomparativeadvantage•Exporttheproductthatusesalargeamountofitsrelativelyabundantresource•Importtheproductwhichinproductionusestherelativelyscarceresource©2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse4©2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse5Producingaircraftandtextiles:factorendowmentsintheUnitedStatesandChinaTABLE3.1FactorEndowments•Effectofresourceendowmentsoncomparativeadvantage©2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse6©2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse7Capitalstockperworkerofselectedcountries,1997*TABLE3.2Acountryexportsthegoodwhoseproductionisintensiveinitsrelativelyabundantfactor.Itimportsthegoodwhoseproductionisintensiveinitsrelativelyscarcefactor.©2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse8Thefactor-endowmenttheoryFIGURE3.1FactorEndowments•Factor-endowmenttheory,U.S.-Chinatrade•UnitedStates•Relativelyabundant:humancapital(skills),scientifictalent,andengineeringtalentarerelativelyabundant•Relativelyscarce:unskilledlaborisrelativelyscarce•China•Relativelyrich:unskilledlabor•Relativelyscarce:scientificandengineeringtalent©2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse9FactorEndowments•Factor-endowmenttheory,U.S.-Chinatrade•UnitedStatesexportstoChina•Goodsembodyingrelativelylargeamountsofskilledlaborandtechnology•Aircraft,software,pharmaceuticals,andhigh-techcomponentsofelectricalmachineryandequipment•ChinaexportstotheUnitedStates•Goodsforwhicharelativelylargeamountofunskilledlaborisused•Apparel,footwear,toys,andthefinalassemblyofelectronicmachineryandequipment©2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse10©2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse11U.S.-Chinatrade:toptenproducts,2007(thousandsofdollars)TABLE3.3FactorEndowments•Factor-PriceEqualization•Redirectdemandawayfromthescarceresource•Towardtheabundantresourceineachnation•Tradeleadstofactor-priceequalization•Thecheapresourcebecomesrelativelymoreexpensive•Theexpensiveresourcebecomesrelativelylessexpensive•Untilpriceequalizationoccurs©2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse12Byforcingproductpricesintoequality,internationaltradealsotendstoforcefactorpricesintoequalityacrosscountries.©2011Ce