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大学英语四级写作备考讲座WritingforCET4提纲（Outline)•1、四级评分原则和标准(Principlesand•Standards)•2、常见错误(Mistakes)•3、应对策略(Strategies)•4、常用句型（UsefulStructures)评分原则•1、检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级教学要求。•2、采用总体评分（GlobalScoring)方法•阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（rewardscores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。•3、从内容和语言两方面对作文进行综合判断。作文应表达题目所规定的内容。评分要考虑文章是否切题，是否清楚而合适地表达思想，语言错误是否造成理解障碍。评分标准（按百分制评判）•1、满分15分•2、阅卷标准分五等：2分，5分，8分，11分，14分•3、档次评分标准•2分，5分，8分，11分，14分2分—一塌糊涂•条理不清，思想紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。•Nowdays,SocialappearedmoremorefreeAdmissionstomuseums.it’sinordertopeoplewastedmoney.Inadition,richinpeople’slifeandincreasemoreknowldeges•ButsomepeoplethoughtfreeAdimssionstomuseumshavebroughtmuchproblems.Inhand,aplentyofpeoplevisited…5分—糊里糊涂•基本切题，表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有较多严重语言错误。•Inordertoenrichthecultureofpeople,moreandmoremusuemswereprovidedfreeadmissions.Somebodythoughtitwouldtakesomeproblemslikethat.•Thefirst,becauseoffreeadmissionsofMuseumswereattractedalargenumbersofpeoplewhointerestedinallaroundtheworld.Andthosewhotakepartineffectedthetrafficcrowedaroundthemuseums,eventhoughaffectedpeoplewholiveinnexttothemuseumlife…8分—马马虎虎•基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，有一些是严重错误。•Thereisaninterestingandinstractivepicturewhichgoeslikethis:Moreandmoremuseumsarefreeforpeople.Theywantmorepeoplegotomuseums.•Butsomepeoplearguethatitmakesometroubleforfreeforpeople.Thereasonistheeconomyofthemuseumswouldbeworsethanbefore.Worstofall,itmaytakeamessformorepeoplecometothemuseums.•…11分—清清楚楚•切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误•Nowmoreandmoremuseumsarefreewithoutchargetothepublic.Doesthatmakeanysence?•Freeadmissiontomusuemshelpsussavemoney,butitalsoencouragesustogotomuseumstolearnsomethingelseandgetmoreknowledge.Thiscontributestoimprovethelivinglevelofthepublic.Itcancertainlyletusknowmoreaboutourcountryandtheworld,whichhasagoodeffectonourdevelopment.•Everycoinhastwosides.Itcanalsobringsomeproblems.Forexample,…14分—漂漂亮亮•切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本上无语言错误。•ExampleFreeAdmissiontoMuseums?1.越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放,目的是……2.有人认为这样做会带来一些问题3.在我看来……Nowadays,moreandmoremuseumsareopentothepublicforfree.Freeadmissionstomuseumswillmotivatepeople’sinterestsinhistory,artsandscience.Inthisway,museumscanprovidepeoplewitheasieraccesstoknowledge,whichisofvitalimportanceforthewholenation.However,somepeopleholdthatfreeadmissionstomuseumscanbringaboutmanyproblems.Sinceanybodycanenteramuseumwithoutpaying,themuseumcanbeovercrowdedanditwillbeadifficultjobformuseumstomaintaintheircollections.Besides,museumswillfacefinancialproblemssincetheycan’tmakeprofitsfromtheadmissionfee.Duetothedecreaseinprofits,museumshavelessmotivationtoup-datetheircollectionsandout-of-datemuseumscan’tavoidthefatetocloseupinthelongrun.Inmyopinion,freeadmissionstomuseumsaregoodforthepublic,butontheotherhandtheymayposeproblemstothemuseummanagement.Governmentsshouldprovidehelptomuseumsandguidethemtoservethepublicbetter.常见错误•1、篇章：引子过长，结构混乱•2、句子结构：缺乏基本的句子意识，只有词汇的堆砌•3、词汇：拼写、动词时态、名词单复数、形容词副词比较级别、固定搭配、词汇的选择等方面错误应对策略•1、篇章：开门见山，直奔主题（紧扣所给提纲写出主题句）。使用合适的方法展开主题句（常用方法如：列举，因果，举例等）•2、句子结构：适当使用从句、倒装句、非谓语动词、插入语，从而使文章句子结构稍微复杂而富于变化。•3、词汇：尽量使用与主题相关的一些重要词汇，避开用得过于泛滥的词汇。常用从句•1、Which引导的非限定性定语从句•2、状语从句（结果、原因、时间、比较）•So…that…;because/since;before/after,not…until…;while/whereas•3、名词性从句（同位语从句、宾语从句）倒装、非谓语动词和插入语的使用•1、notonly…butalso…•Onlyby…can…•Notuntil…do…•2、分词做状语，动名词做主语或宾语•3、适当插入一些副词或介词短语等•Thismeasure,undoubtedly(inmyopinion),willeliminatethewasteofwater.举例法典型段落结构•1、现象——简要描述（主题句+扩展句）•2、详细描述现象，运用举例方法（主题句+例1；2；3）•(3、表明自己观点)•例：2003年1月作文：ItPaystoBeHonest•1)当今社会存在许多不诚实现象•2）诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。Nowadays,dishonestyisacommonphenomenoninsociety.Manydoctors,forexample,sellexpensivebutunnecessarymedicinestotheirpatientsinordertogetmoremoney.Andpoorstudentstendtocheatonexams.Also,someadvertisementstellliessoastolurecustomersintobuyingfakecommodities.Somefamousfigureshavecheatedthegovernmentonincometaxes.•英语四级作文八种常用句型一.原因•1.Anumberoffactorsmightcontributeto(lead•to)(accountfor)thephenomenon(problem).•2.Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.•3.Thefactorsthatcontributetothissituation•include...•4.Thechangein...largelyresultsfromthefactthat...•5.Oneofthemostcommonfactors(causes)is•that...•6.Anothercontributingfactor(cause)is...•7.Perhapstheprimaryfactoristhat…•8.Butthefundamentalcauseisthat二.比较•1.Theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages.•2.TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthose•ofB.•3.Forallthedisadvantages,ithasitscompensating•advantages.•4.Likeanythingelse,ithasitsfaults.•5.AandBhaveseveralpointsincommon.•6.AandBdifferinseveralways.•7.Evidently,ithasbothnegativeandpositive•effects.•8.Peopleusedtothink...,butthingsaredifferent•now.三.批驳•1)Itistruethat...,butonevitalpointisbeingleftout.•2)Somepeoplesay...,butitdoesnotholdwater.•3)Manyofushavebeenundertheillusionthat...•4)Acloseexaminationwouldrevealhowridiculous•thestatementis.•5)Itmakesnosensetoarguefor...•6)Toomuchstressplacedon...mayleadto...•7)Suchastatementmainlyrestsontheassumption•that...•8)Contrarytowhatiswidelyaccepted,Imaintain•that...四.后果•1.Itmaygiverisetoahostofproblems.•2.Theimmediateresultitproducesis...•3.Itwillexerciseaprofoundinfluenceupon...•4.Itsconsequencecanbesogreatthat..