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英语词性分类及用法一、词性的分类•词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。•前面六类是实词：•1、名词nounn.student学生•2、代词pronounpron.you你•3、形容词adjectiveadj.happy高兴的•4、副词adverbadv.quickly迅速地•5、动词verbv.cut砍、割•6、数词numeralnum.three三••后面四类是虚词：•7、冠词articleart.a一个•8、介词prepositionprep.at在...•9、连词conjunctionconj.and和•10、感叹词interjectioninterj.oh哦英语句子成分（七类）一、主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。•Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)•Helikesdancing.(代词)•高中将学习：•Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)•Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)•Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)•Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.•(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语（predicate）•说明主语的动作、状态和特征。•WestudyEnglish.•Heisasleep.•谓语最重要的是时态和语态。•TomwassenttoBeijing.三、表语（predicative）•跟在系动词后面的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。•常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，•taste(尝、吃起来)，remain(保持，仍是)，feel(感觉)….很多词可以做表语•Heisateacher.(名词)•Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)•Heisasleep.(形容词)•Hisfatherisin.(副词)•Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)•Itsoundsagoodidea.•Tomlooksthin.•Thefoodsmellsdelicious.•Thefoodtastesgood.•Thedoorremainsopen.•NowIfeeltired.高中将学的表语•Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)•Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.”(不定式)•Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)三、宾语•宾语分两类：动宾和介宾。•跟在动词后面的宾语叫动宾，跟在介词后面的宾语叫介宾。•Hehatesyou.(代词)•Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)•Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.•以上是动宾•Areyouafraidofthesnake?•Theyarelookingforadog.•这两句是介宾•Hegavemeabookyesterday.•Givethepoormansomemoney.•这两句是双宾语：间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)高中将学的宾语•Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)•Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)•Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)四、宾补•对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。•特征：1、跟在宾语后面。2、补充说明宾语。•Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)•Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)•Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)五、主补•对主语的补充说明。•Hewaselectedmonitor.•Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.•Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.六、定语（高考的重难点）•修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。•Yanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)•Heisourfriend.(代词)•Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)•Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)高中将学的定语•Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)•Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)•TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(现在分词)•Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)•Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)•YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)七、状语•用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子的词叫状语。状语可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。•Iwillgotheretomorrow.（时间）•Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.•（地点）•Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.•（原因）•HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.（目的）•Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.（结果）•Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.（程度）•Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.•（条件）•Hegoestoschoolbybike.（方式）•Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.（让步）••高中将增加表伴随情况的状语：•Isleptwiththewindowopen.我开着窗睡觉。•Shesaidgood-byewithtearsinhereyes.她含着泪水说再见。•Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.他满脸是汗跑进屋来。