英语词性的分类及用法词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分十个大类。词类英语名称作用例词名词Noun(缩写为n.)表示人或事物的名称party政党China中国代词Pronoun(pron.)用来代替名词、形容词或数词等He他that那数词Numeral(num.)表示数量或顺序one一first第一形容词Adjective(adj.)用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特性、性质safe安全great伟大副词Adverb(adv.)用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示动作或形状的特性hard艰苦here这里冠词Article(art.)用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物an,a,the动词Verb(v.)表示人或事物的动作或状态eat吃have有介词Preposition(prep.)用在名词、代词等前面,说明句子中词与词之间的关系under在。。。。。。下in在。。。。。。里连词Conjunction(conj.)用来连接词、短语或句子and和but但是感叹词Interjection(interj.)表示说话时的感情或口气Hello喂why呃,嘿名词的概念(数、格、类)专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词.构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China,theUnitedStates,等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。(普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词)名词的概念(类)普通名词又可分为下面四类:1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family,class,police(以上两类属于可数名词)3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work(以上两类属于不可数名词)名词复数的规则变化情况构成方法例词一般情况加-smap-mapsbag-bagscar-cars以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-esbus-buseswatch-watchesce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-slicense-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加esbaby---babies其它名词复数的规则变化1)以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:如:twoMarystheHenrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays2)以o结尾的名词,变复数时:a.加s,如:photo---photospiano---pianosradio---radioszoo---zoos;b.加es,如:potato—potatoestomato—tomatoes3)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:a.加s,如:belief---beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfs;b.去f,fe加-ves,如:half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves;名词复数的不规则变化1)child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women2)单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。名词复数的不规则变化如:peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数,不能说apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以说aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,theSwiss等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。news是不可数名词。flowerflowers找规律watchesfactory-factoriesleaf--leavesboxes找规律tomatoespotatoesheroes不规则变化child--childrenwoman--womendeersheepman--mengoose--geese1.Several_____aretalkingunderthetree.Andtheyare______.A.woman;childrenB.woman;childC.women;children2.—Howfarisyourschoolfromhere?—Notveryfar.It'sabouttwentywalk.(2000杭州)A.minute'sB.minutesC.minutes'3.Therearethreeinmyfamily.(2004长春)A.peopleB.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJane’sC.Ann’sandJane’sCCAAB1.名词变复数Imadethreenewfriendhere。Myoldclassroomwasinterestingbecausethreesideoftheclassroomweremadefromglass.2.不可数名词Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.3.名词与其他词性转换。---Whynotbuyasecond-handcarfirstityoudon’thaveenoughmoneyforanewone?---That’sagood(suggest).suggestionWheneverImademistakes,theteacherpointedthemoutwith(patient)patience4.同义名词辨析---I’msorryIsteppedoutsideforasmoke.Iwasverytired.---Thereisnoforthiswhileyouareonduty.A.reasonB.excuseC.causeD.explanationB1。分清可数、不可数名词。常见不可数名词:news,information,work,advice,progress,weather,fun,luck,music,health名词常出现的位置:冠词后,形容词后,形容词性物主代词后,many,much,some等后---Whynotbuyasecond-handcarfirstityoudon’thaveenoughmoneyforanewone?---That’sagood(suggest).TheyarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_______(painting)paintings根据所给单词的正确形式填空:1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty________walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof________.(Lucy)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachers’knivesvegetablesminutes’Lucy’s代词代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。一、人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化数单数复数单数复数格主格主格宾格宾格第一人称Iwemeus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hesheittheyHimheritthem通常,主格作主语,宾格作宾语通常,当单数的主格作主语时,谓语动词用单数;复数的的主格作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Eg.Heismyfriend.It‘sme.TheyarefromChina.Shelentmeabook.Iloveit.Areyouinterestedinthem?二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人物和数的变化见下表,数单数复数人称一二三一二三形物myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名物mineyourshis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs通常,形容词性物主代词相当形容词的用法,应该位于名词的前面;名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,之后不接名词。Eg.Ilikehiscar.Ourschoolishereandtheirsisthere.Thisisyourpicture.Andthatismine.三、指示代词表示那个、这个、这些、那些等指示概念的代词。单数复数thisthatthesethoseEg.Thatisagoodidea.Ilovethosebookinblue.Thesepeoplearemyfriends.四、自身代词,也称为反身代词表示我自己、你自己、他自己、我们自己、你们自己和他们自己等的代词。单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfherselfitselfthemselves反身代词的用法1.用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气,紧放在被修饰名词后,或句末):Theboxitselfisnotsoheavy.Yousaidityourself.2.用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语):Takegoodcareofyourself.3.用作表语Thepoorboywasmyself.五、表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有eachother和oneanother两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么区别。Weshouldloveeachother.TomandBettyarefriends,sotheyalwayshelpeachother.Ourstudentslearnoneanother.eg.Iwantsomethinghot.Doyouneedsomecoffee?Thereisnothinggood.Allofyouarestudents.六、不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代