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动词不定式（TheInfinitive）一.动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成肯定式：todosth被动式：tobedone完成式：tohavedone其否定式在to前加not三.动词不定式的功能动词不定式有名词，形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补、状语等成份。一个句子中，已经存在谓语,没有连词的情况下,有别的动词出现时，这些动词就可能用不定式的形式。二.不定式的使用条件动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补(1)作主语位置：不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。意义：不定式作主语多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it作形式主语，将todo放在谓语之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhourtogettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourdutytohelpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoymenttospendourholidayinthemountains.句型3：It’s+adj.for/ofsb.todosth.1)Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.2)Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.（adj.是形容事物的性质的）（adj.是形容人的品质的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.＝Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.＝youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.(2)作宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.Heagreedtogetsomeonetohelpus.A:常见接不定式作宾语的动词有：decide/determine,learn,want,wish/hope/expect;决定学会想希望refuse,manage,care,pretend;拒绝设法愿假装offer,promise,choose,plan;主动答应选计划agree,ask/beg,help;同意请求帮一帮happen,intend,prepare;碰巧打算准备order,afford,fail命令能做未做的事can’twaitto/makeupone’smindto/usedto/want∕wouldliketodo迫不及待下决心做过去常常想做的事needtodosth.需要做某事beusedtodo被用来做A:常见接不定式作宾语的动词有：决定学会想希望拒绝设法愿假装主动答应选计划同意请求帮一帮碰巧打算准备命令能做未做的事迫不及待下决心做过去常常想做的事B:疑问词+不定式作作动词（词组）tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wonder,findout等的宾语时，不定式前常带引导词how,what,whether,where,when,who等，但why后加不带to的不定式，构成动词（词组）+疑问词+不定式的结构。注意：此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与句子的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从。•1)Hetaughtushowtousethetool.=Hetaughtushowheusedthetool.•2)Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.•3)Ihopeyou’lladvisemewhattodo.•4)Idon'tknowhowtogetthere.•5)Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.•6)Canyoutellmewhydoit?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________特殊词精讲:tododoingrememberforget(do在后)要做（do在前）做过stopgoon（两个字）两件事（一个字）一件事likehatelove一次性长期try尽力做尝试做startbegin一样一样1)stopdoing/todostoptodo停下来去做另一件事，stopdoing停止正在做的某事。Eg:他们停下来吸烟。Theystoptosmoke.我必须戒烟了Imuststopsmoking.2)forgetdoing/todoforgettodo忘记要去做某事，forgetdoing忘记做过某事。Eg：办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）Heforgotturningthelightoff.3)trydoing/todosth.trytodosth.努力,尽力做某事trydoingsth.试着做某事Althoughmathsisdifficult,Iwilltrytostudyit.Themachinecouldn’twork.Let’stryrepairingit.4)rememberdoing/todoremembertodo记得去做某事rememberdoing记得做过某事记着放学后去趟邮局。Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.你不记得以前见过那个人吗?Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?5)goondoing/todogoontodo做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，goondoing继续做原来做的事。Eg：做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Afterhehadfinishedhismaths，hewentontodohisphysics.做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习Goondoingotherexercisesafteryouhavefinishedthisone.(3)作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1.Mothertoldme___comebackbefore10o’clock.2.I’llgetsomeone___repairtherecorderforyou.3.Whatcausedhim___changehismind?4.Iwishyou___comeassoonaspossible.5.Heaskedme___dotheworkwithhim.sb.todobegcauseforbidobligeforcegethateintendloveorderpreferrequireteachwishpermitpersuaderequestwaitfordependoncallon…接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：请求与命令想要邀请期待鼓励与建议答应告诫允许提醒和帮助wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期待某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事promisesb.todo答应某人做某事warnsb.nottodosth.告诫某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事tellsb.todosth.命令某人做某事1.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.(95N)A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottoitD.donotto为了避免重复，常用省略形式to来代替前面的动作。如：Wouldyouliketovisitourschool?Yes,I’dliketo.有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除tell外，常见的还有：adviseallowcauseencourageforbidforceintendorderpermitpersuaderemindrequestrequireurgewarnaskwishwant等特别注意：hope,agree,demand,suggest等没有宾补。______________________________________________seewatchobservelookatnoticehearlistentofeel+宾语+do（…做了…）doing（…正在做…）beingdone（…正在被做…）done（…被做）makelethave省略to的情况:Shecoulddonothingbutcry．Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo．1)使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看2)最好(不)做…3)为什么不做…?4)helpsb.（to）dosth.5)宁愿做…6)wouldyoupleasedosth.7)情态动词+do8)助动词+do不定式动词在介词后面时，如果这些介词之前有的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式，否则要带to。Shecoulddonothingbutcry．Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo．feel,hear/listento,let/make/have,lookat/see/watch/noticehadbetter（not）dosth.whynot/whydon’tyoudosth.Wouldratherdosth.but，except，besides行为动词do省略to除了哭，她什么也不能做。除了游泳，你还喜欢干什么?除了离开我别无选择。前有do,后省to.sb.beseenwatchedlookedatheardlistenedtofeltnoticed+todomadelet4.it作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。主语+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.1.Wethought___better___startearly.2.Doyouconsider___betternot__go?3.Ifeel__myduty__changeallthat.4.Wethink__important__obeythelaw.5.Iknow__i