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Psychology1504PositivePsychologyHousekeeping•Feedbackorquestions•Incaseofanemergency…•…we’lltakeaPP-break•Powerpointsandvideotapeonwebsite•Activenote-taking•Overlapwith1508?TheRoadtoPositivePsychology•HumanisticPsychology(50’s)–TheThirdForce•Reactiontobehaviorism•Reactiontopsychoanalysis•LackedrigorousmethodologyAbrahamMaslow(1908-1970)KarenHorney(1885-1952)MeettheGrandparentsMeettheParentsMartinSeligmanEllenLangerPhilipStoneMeet1504ItisnotmerelyaboutinformationItisalsoabouttransformation•Coveringless;uncoveringmore“Inpursuitofknowledge,everydaysomethingisacquired;inpursuitofwisdom,everydaysomethingisdropped.”LaoTzu“Thesoulgrowsbysubtraction,notaddition.”ThoreauInformationisnotenough“Whatiswrongisnotthegreatdiscoveriesofscience—informationisalwaysbetterthanignorance,nomatterwhatinformationorwhatignorance.Whatiswrongisthebeliefbehindtheinformation,thebeliefthatinformationwillchangetheworld.Itwon’t.”ArchibaldMaCleishInformationisnotenough“Humanisticphilosophy[offers]anewconceptionoflearning,ofteaching,andofeducation.Statedsimply,suchaconceptholdsthatthefunctionofeducation,thegoalofeducation—thehumangoal,thehumanisticgoal,thegoalsofarashumanbeingsareconcerned—isultimatelythe‘self-actualization’ofaperson,thebecomingfullyhuman,thedevelopmentofthefullestheightthatthehumanspeciescanstanduptoorthattheparticularindividualcancometo.Inalesstechnicalway,itishelpingthepersontobecomethebestthatheisabletobecome.”AbrahamMaslowItisnotaboutprovidingdefinitiveanswersconcerningthegoodlifeItisaboutidentifyingtherightquestions“Childrenenterschoolasquestionmarksandleaveasperiods.”NeilPostmanEducationisthequestforinformationandtransformation,andthereforemustbeginwithaquestion.“Theonerealobjectofeducationistoleaveamanintheconditionofcontinuallyaskingquestions.”BishopCreightonTheQuestionofQuestionsHowcanwehelpourselvesandothers—individuals,communities,andsociety—becomehappier?ItisnotasurveyofpositivepsychologyItisaselectiveexplorationofthe‘questionofquestions.’•Crossculturalpsychology•Eclectic•StudyingothersandourselvesItisnotEnglish10aorMath55Itisaboutrigorousfun“Iwouldnotgiveafigforthesimplicityonthissideofcomplexity,butIwouldgivemylifeforthesimplicityontheothersideofcomplexity.”OliverWendellHolmes•Adifferentkindofeffort•Changeishard•Rigorousfun???FinalProject•20-30minutePresentation–Anytopicwithinpositivepsychology–Writtentext(10-15pagesdoublespaced)–Slides(wordorpowerpoints)•Include:–Referencetoresearch–Optional:stories,filmclips,exercises,etc•Whyapresentation?–Teachingaslearning–Spreadgoodness…WhyPositivePsychology?•Anger:5,584•Anxiety:41,416•Depression:54,040PsychologicalAbstracts(1967-2000)•Joy:415•Happiness:1,710•Lifesatisfaction:2,582Ratio:21/1FocusingontheNegative“Thescienceofpsychologyhasbeenfarmoresuccessfulonthenegativethanonthepositiveside;ithasrevealedtousmuchaboutman’sshortcomings,hisillnesses,hissins,butlittleabouthispotentialities,hisvirtues,hisachievableaspirations,orhispsychologicalheight.Itisasifpsychologyhadvoluntarilyrestricteditselftoonlyhalfitsrightfuljurisdiction,andthatthedarker,meanerhalf.”AbrahamMaslowAccentuatingthePositive“TheaimofPositivePsychologyistocatalyzeachangeinpsychologyfromapreoccupationonlywithrepairingtheworstthingsinlifetoalsobuildingthebestqualitiesinlife.”MartinSeligmanPsychologyNeedsHelp•21/1ratioisunhealthy…•…butitreflectsreality–depression10timeshighertodaythan1960–meanagefordepressiontodayis14.5(comparedto29.5in1960)DoesPsychologyNeedHelp?•21/1ratioofstudiesisunhealthy…•…butitreflectsreality–depression10timeshighertodaythan1960–meanagefordepressiontodayis14.5(comparedto29.5in1960)–80%ofHarvardstudentsdepressedatleastoncelastyear–45%ofcollegestudentsnationwidedepressed;94%overwhelmed(Kadison,2005)WhyMore“Positive”Research?•Psychologyascreativeratherthanmerelyreactive•Happinessisnotthenegationofunhappiness•Preventionthroughcultivatingthepositive“Negative”ResearchNegativeExperiencesUnhappinessSpiral“Positive”ResearchPositiveExperiencesHappinessSpiralHeisenbergUncertaintyPrinciple“Humansystemsgrowinthedirectionofwhattheypersistentlyaskquestionsabout.”CooperriderandWhitneyHappinessisn’ttheNegationofUnhappinessDiseaseModelHealthModelFocusonweaknessesFocusonstrengthsOvercomingdeficienciesBuildingcompetenciesAvoidingpainSeekingpleasureRunningfromunhappinessPursuinghappinessNeutralstate(0)asceilingNoceilingTensionlessasidealCreativetensionasideal-_______________________0____________________+neurosis,anger,anxiety,wellbeing,satisfaction,joydepression,psychosisexcitement,happinessPreventionthroughcultivatingpositive•Illnessastheabsenceofhealth(vs.healthastheabsenceofillness)“It[neurosis]isafallingshortofwhatonecouldhavebeen,andeven,onecouldsay,ofwhatoneshouldhavebeen,biologicallyspeaking,thatis,ifonehadgrownanddevelopedinanunimpededway.Humanandpersonalpossibilitieshavebeenlost.Theworldhasbeennarrowed,andsohasconsciousness.Capacitieshavebeeninhibited.”AbrahamMaslow“Wehavediscoveredthattherearehumanstrengthsthatactasbuffersagainstmentalillness:courage,future-mindedness,optimism,interpersonalskill