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（2015届）本科毕业设计（论文）学院（部）：机械工程学院专业：机械工程及其自动化学生姓名：肖江波班级：机工1103学号11405701323指导教师姓名：栗新职称副教授最终评定成绩2015年5月湖南工业大学本科毕业设计（论文）装载机工作装置及其液压系统设计学院（部）：机械工程学院专业：机械设计制造及其自动化学号：学生姓名：指导教师：2015年6月湖南工业大学本科毕业设计（论文）I摘要装载机属于铲土运输类机械，是一种通过在支座前端安装一个完整的铲斗支撑结构和连杆，随机器向前运动进行装载或挖掘，以及提升、运输和卸载的自行式机械。它广泛用于公路、铁路、建筑、水电、港口和矿山等工程领域。装载机具有作业速度快、效率高、机动性好、操作轻便等优点，因此成为工程建设中土石方施工的主要机种之一。对于加快工程建设速度，减轻劳动强度，提高工程质量，降低工程成本都发挥着重要的作用，是现代机械化施工中不可缺少的装备之一，对国民经济发展起着十分重要的作用。本次设计采用先进的现代设计方法和理念，对装载机工作装置进行了总体设计和零部件设计。主要包括装载机工作装置的关键零部件，如铲斗、动臂，连杆机构以及转斗油缸、举升油缸等，并对重要零件进行了受力分析以及强度校核。液压系统在装载机工十分重要，本次设计只是分析了工作装置的液压系统，并得出该液压系统的工作油路运行图。关键词:装载机，铲斗,工作装置，液压系统湖南工业大学本科毕业设计（论文）IIIABSTRACTLoaderaspartoftheshovelingtransportmachinery,isakindofthroughthepedestalfrontinstallationofafullbucketsupportstructureandtheconnectingrod,alongwiththemachineforloadingordigging,movingforwardandenhanceself-propelledmachinery,transportationandunloading.Itiswidelyusedinhighway,railway,building,waterandelectricity,ports,andminingandotherengineeringfields.Loaderhasaoperationspeed,highefficiency,goodmaneuverability,theadvantagesofconvenientoperation,thusbecometheconditionsintheconstructionofengineeringconstructionofoneofthemainmodels.Tospeeduptheconstructionspeed,reducelaborintensity,improveprojectquality,reduceengineeringcostareplayanimportantrole,isoneoftheindispensableequipmentinmodernmechanicalconstruction,playsanimportantroleinnationaleconomicdevelopment.ThisdesignUSESthemodernadvanceddesignmethodsandideas,theloaderworkingdevicehascarriedontheoveralldesignandpartsdesign.Mainlyincludingthekeycomponentsofloaderworkingdevice,suchasbucket,movablearm,linkageandturningcylinder,liftingoilcylinder,etc.,andhascarriedonthestressanalysisandstrengthchecktoimportantparts.Hydraulicsystemsareimportantinloadmechanic,thisdesignonlyworkingdevicehydraulicsystemareanalyzed,andconcludedthatthehydraulicsystemoilrunning.Keywords:loader,Bucket,Workingdevice,Thehydraulicsystem湖南工业大学本科毕业设计（论文）III目录第1章装载机的发展及应用··············································11.1装载机的概论·············································································11.2装载机的发展与前景····································································11.2.1国外装载机发展趋势······························································11.2.2国内装载机发展趋势······························································2第2章装载机工作装置设计··············································32.1装载机工作装置设计概述································································32.1.1装载机工作装置设计概论························································32.1.2结构形式的选择····································································32.2铲斗基本参数的确定······································································42.3工作机构连杆系统的尺寸参数设计····················································62.3.1转斗油缸后置式反转六杆机构····················································62.3.2工作装置的机构设计································································62.3.3动臂设计················································································72.3.4连杆机构的设计······································································8第3章装载机工作装置的受力分析与强度校核·······················113.1铲斗重量计算·························113.2工作装置的受力分析····································································123.2.1工况水平偏载计算·····················123.2.2工况垂直偏载计算·····················143.3动臂的强度校核··········································································163.4铰销的强度校核··········································································193.5连杆的强度校核···········································································213.6摇臂的强度校核··········································································22第4章工作装置液压系统设计··········································264.1转斗油缸的选择及其作用力的确定··················································26湖南工业大学本科毕业设计（论文）III4.2动臂油缸的选择及其作用力的确定··················································284.3工作装置液压系统的设计······················294.3.1工作油路分析························294.3.2工作装置油路设计······················31结论··········································································32参考文献····································································33致谢··········································································34湖南工业大学本科毕业设计（论文）1第1章装载机的发展及应用1.1装载机的概论装载机主要用来铲、装载、卸载、运送土块和石材,也可以对岩石、硬土进行机械铲掘作业的一种机械。如果切换到一个不同的设备上工作,还可以完成推土、起重、装卸其他材料。在公路的修建中主要用于路基工程的填挖,沥青和水泥混凝土料场的集料,装货等作业。由于它具有作业速度快，机动性好，操作轻便等优点，因此迅猛发展,成为建筑的主要设备。金属矿山的开采可以分为两个主要的类别的露天开采和地下开采。虽然我国露天矿采以矿石的比重约占70％，但是从事地下开采的人员比露天开采的人员多。这是因为地下开采的条件复杂，使用的设备种类繁多，在产量相同的条件下，对采挖地下矿产资源需要投入的人力和物力远远大于露天矿的缘故。保护自然环境和合理地利用矿藏资源，是发展社会主义经济的必要条件。随着浅埋矿石的耗尽而愈来愈向深部开采，或当露天升采的深度很大而使地表遭受大面积的破坏时，就必须采用地下开采。可以预料今后地下开采仍将逐渐增加。不论是露天矿开采还是地下矿开采，对矿体较硬的金属矿山，都是经凿岩爆破将崩落松散矿石或岩石，经装运作业运至下步工序的作业地点。装载作业是矿山整个生产过程小既繁重又费时的作业。所以努力提高装载机械的作业能力，对实现矿山生产的高效率低消耗想着重要的作用[1]。1.2装载机的发展和前景1.2.1国外装载机发展趋势近十年，随着世界经济的持续发展，建筑施工和资源开发规模的扩大，对装载机的需求量迅速增加，因而对其可靠性、灵活性、安全性和节油性也提出了更高的要求。随着科学技术的发展与微电子技术向工程机械的渗透，现代装载机械越来越走向智能化和机电一体化。人机学的兴起，同样对装载机有了更多的要求，比如：噪音小，工作稳定，温度低等。(1)系列化、特大型化系列化是工程机械发展的一个重要趋势。国外大公司逐步实现其产品系列化，研制出了从微型到特大