宾语从句

宾语从句专项复习分路中学戴正英复习内容：宾语从句考点归纳复习目标:1．掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词.2．掌握宾语从句的语序──主句+连接词+主语+谓语.3．掌握宾语从句，主句与从句在时态上的呼应.重点：语序和时态呼应.难点：语序和时态呼应；与疑问词+不定式的转化；与状语从句的辨析.•一、宾语从句的连接词•1．连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。•eg.Heknew（that）heshouldworkhard.•2．连词if、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。•eg.Tomdoesn'tknowif/whetherhisgrandpalikedthepresent.•HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.•一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：•①在不定式前：Whethertogothereornothasn'tbeendecided.•②在介词后：Itdependson（依靠）whetheritisgoingtorain.•③与ornot连用：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.•3．连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which，连接副词when,where,why,how，它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。•eg.Theteacheraskedthenewstudentswhichclasshewasin.•Iwonderwherehegotsomuchmoney.•【注意】•1．由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。•eg.Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddowiththepresents.==Idon'tknowwhattodowiththepresents.•Ex.1Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddo?•2CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothebank?•3Ican'tdecidewhichkindoftoothpasteIwillbuy?•要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.•I'llstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.•Idon'tknowifitwillraintomorrow.•Doyouknowwhenhewillcomenextweek?•Whenhecomes,Iwilltellyou.•二、宾语从句的语序•宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。•Canyoutellmewhodowehavetosee?（）•Canyoutellmewhowehavetosee?（）•Theteacheraskedthestudentswhattheyweredoing.（思考:what在从句中的成分）•陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。eg.Shesaid,“Iwillleaveamessageonthedesk.”→Shesaid(that)shewouldleaveamessageonthedesk.•一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg.“Wherearethetickets?”Iaskedhim.→Iaskedhimwheretheticketswere.•三、宾语从句的时态呼应•宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。•eg.Ithought（that)youarefree.（）•Ithought（that）youwouldbefree.（）•【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。•eg.Theteachertoldus（that）theearthmovesaroundthesun.•四．其他需要说明的问题•1．标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号。•eg.IheardshehadbeentotheGreatWall.•CanyoutellmewhichbusIshouldtake?•2．要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致•▲五．宾语从句和状语从句的区分•eg.1）Iwillgoouttomorrowifitisfine.•2）Idon'tknowifthetrainhasarrived.•句1）中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2）中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don'tknow的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。•判断方法：•1．可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。•2．从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……的时候”。•3．从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。•同步检测•一、用合适的连接词填空•1.WangHaitoldme_____hedidn'tgocyclingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）•2.Canyoutellme______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?（who,whom）•3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.（that,if）•4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.（how,who）•5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）•6.Theydon'tknow_______wearegoinghiking.•7.Shewantedtoknow_______hercoatwouldbereadythenextday.•8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.•9.Idon'tknow______somanypeoplecrowdedroundhim.•10.Doyouknow______shirtitis?•二、句型转换•1.Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.（改为宾语从句）→•Pleasetellme____________.•2.Whatdoeshedo?Doyouknow?（改为宾语从句）→•Doyouknow_______he_______?•3.Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.（改为宾语从句）→•Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.•4.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.（改为宾语从句）→•Idon'tknow____thewatch____madeinShanghai.•5.“Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew?”Tom'smotheraskedhim.（同义句）→•Tom'smotheraskedhim_____________________totrysomethingnew.•6.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改为否定句）→•I________this____agoodidea.•7.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.（改为复合句）→•Lucyhasn'tdecided________________________________buy.•8.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改为简单句）→•Idon'tknow________________________tothehospital•三、选择题•1.Idon'tknow_____hewillbebackhome.•A.whoB.whatC.whenD.where•2.Couldyoutellme___________?•A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor•C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein3.Doyoustillremember_______?•A.thathesaidB.whathesaid•C.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesay•4.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.•A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleave•C.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft•5.Shetoldmethesun___intheeast.•A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen•6..Idon'tfeelwell.Mumaskedme______thismorning.A.whatthematterisB.whatiswrongC.whatwasthematterD.whatwrongwas••7.we'dliketotellyouthatyou_____theexam.•.A.havepassedB.hadpassedC.passD.willpass•8.Canyoutellme___________?•A.whereareyoudoingB.wheredoyoustudy•C.whereyouweredoingD.whereyoustudy•9.I'mthinkingabout_________•A.ifI'llhelpherB.whetherI'llhelpherC.whatI'llhelpherD.thatI'llhelpher10.Heaskedhisfather_______.•A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappen•C.howithappenedD.howdidithappen•11.Noonetellsus______,soweneedyourhelp.•A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedo•C.howtodoitD.whattodoit•12.Couldyoupleaseteachme_______thecomputer.•A.howcheckB.tocheckC.howtocheckD.tohowchecking•13._______he'llcomeornotisn'timportant.•A.WhyB.IfC.WhetherD.What•14.Wouldyouliketoknow_______theywilldoitornot.•A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.why•15.─Wheredoyouthink_____he____theTVset?─Sorry,I'venoidea.•A./,boughtB.has,boughtC.did,buyD.didbought•16.Ourworldhaschangedalot.Whocantell_____itwouldbelikein_____fiveye