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Grammar名词性从句(Nounclause)1.名词性从句定义：在句子中起名词性作用的句子叫做名词性从句。名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。名词性从句可以分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。2.宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。引导宾语从句词有连词：that，if，whether（不担当句子成分)，(that有时可省，没有词义）；连接代词：who，whom,whose，what，which（有词义，在句中充当一定成分，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语）；连接副词:when,where，how，why（有词义，作状语）。•Theyknowtheteacher.主语谓语宾语•Theyknowtheteacherisaman.主语谓语宾语从句▲句子做宾语就是宾语从句。宾语从句TheObjectClause(1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：e.g.Hedoesn'tknowhowheshouldfinishhistask.(2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语：e.g.HetoldmewhatIshoulddoinmywork(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语it而将从句放到补足语后面；e.g.Ithoughtitnotnecessarythathecamebackearlier.(4)否定的转移:若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：Idon’tthinkyouareright.（5）.宾语从句的时态：当主句为一般现在时，从句可以灵活使用各种时态;当主句为一般过去时，从句只能使用相应的过去时态；但如果从句表达客观真理时，从句时态仍然用一般现在时。Ithinkthatitwillraintomorrow.Shetoldusthatshehadborrowedthebookfromthelibrary.Thefathertoldhissonthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.（6）在demand,order,suggest,insist,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”，如：SherequestthatIshouldfinishmyworkat9:00.(7)宾语从句的语序。宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothehospital?（8）在名词性从句中whether和if含义均为“是否”，但用法有区别，主要区别如下：a．引导宾语从句时whether与if可以互换:Sheaskedmewhether/iftheteacherwouldleave.b．引导表语从句、同位语从句时只能用whether引导；ThequestionwaswhetherTomhasgonetoShanghai.c．位于句首引导主语从句只能用whether；Whethertheywillcomeisunknown.d．作介词的宾语或同不定式连用时只能用whether；Italldependsonwhethertheywillhelpus.e．和or(not)连在一起时只能用whether引导；Themealwillbereadyforherwhethershecomesornot.f.用if会引起理解混淆时，只能用whether，如:Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikeit.g.在否定形式的宾语从句中只能用if引导，如：Idon’tcareifhedon’tcome.(9)宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：•a.当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；•b.当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。•C.用it做形式宾语的宾语从句•Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.•Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.1.Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that5.Iwonder_______heiscryingnow.A.thatB.whyC.howD.whenexercise6.Haveyoufoundout______wecandoonHainanIsland?A.whatB.howC.ifD.whether7.Lilysaid_______shehadfinishedhercomposition.A.ifB.thatC.whenD.where8.Idon’tknow______hestillliveshere.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whether9.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation10.Hesuggestedthatwe________totheparklater.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.hasgone11.Hedoesn’tknow________togotoBeijingornot.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.if/whether12.Didshesayanythingabout______wecouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.if/whether3.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用：对主语进行解释说明。连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引导表语从句，that不可省)连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what(充当“主语,宾语,定语,表语，有自己的词义.)连接副词：when/where/why/how/because(有词义，充当时间,地点,方式,原因状语.)Shewaslate.Thefactisthatshewaslateforthemeeting.__________________________________________________表语表语从句(1).其他连词asif,because,as,asthough引导的表语从句a.because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause…”结构中。Hewassenttohospital.Thatisbecausehewasill.b.asif/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。e.g.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.1.Goandgetyourcoat.It's_______youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewereD.wherethere2.Theproblemis_______hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.that3.Hemadeapromise_______hewouldhelpme.A.whatB.whenC.thatD.which4.Whatthedoctorreallydoubtis______Lucywillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.whyexercise单句改错1.Wewonderhowweshalldonext.2.Couldyoutellmewherearetheyhavingapicnic?3.IamsorrythatIdon’tknowyouwanttotakepartinthecompetition.4.Mrliseemsthatheisveryexpertatrepairingatcomputers.what_______________theyare______didn’t______asifHomework:课时训练区：P76单选