©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-1U51050StrategicManagementU51050战略管理Module9:第九课Measuring&EvaluatingPerformance衡量和评估绩效©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-2Vision&MissionStatements制定愿景和使命陈述Chapter2第二章ExternalAudit外部分析Chapter3第三章InternalAudit内部分析Chapter4第四章LongTermObjectives建立长期目标Chapter5第五章Generate,Evaluate,SelectStrategies制定,评价及选择战略Chapter6第六章ImplementStrategies:ManagementIssues战略的实施的管理问题Chapter7第七章ImplementStrategies:Marketing,Fin/Acct,R&D,CIS战略的实施:营销,财务/会计,研发,计算机信息系统Chapter8第八章Measure&EvaluatePerformance衡量及评价绩效Chapter9第九章ComprehensiveStrategicManagementModelComprehensiveStrategicManagementModel综合战略管理模型©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-3StrategyReview战略重新审视“Complicatedcontrolsdonotwork.Theymisdirectattentionfromwhatistobecontrolledtothemechanicsandmethodologyofthecontrol.”“过于复杂的管理不仅不会奏效,反而会令人混淆。它将人们的注意力从管理的内容转移到管理的机制和方法。”—Tilles—©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-4StrategyReview战略重新审视“Organizationsaremostvulnerablewhentheyareatthepeakoftheirsuccess.”“处于胜利巅峰的企业是最脆弱的。”—R.T.Lenz—©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-5StrategyReview战略重新审视“Whilestrategyisawordthatisusuallyassociatedwiththefuture,itslinktothepastisnolesscentral.Lifeislivedforwardbutunderstoodbackward.Managersmaylivestrategyinthefuture,buttheyunderstanditthroughthepast.”“尽管战略一词通常与未来相联系,它与过去的关系也并非不重要。过日子要向前看,但理解生活则要向后看。管理者将在未来实施战略,但他们是通过回顾过去而理解这一战略的。—HenryMintzberg—©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-6Exercise1练习1•Howdoyoureviewstrategyinyourworkplace?Isitadequate?你如何评价你所在企业的战略?它是适当的吗?•Istheprocessformalenough?Whoisinvolved?这个过程是否足够正规?哪些人会参与其中?•Discussinyourgroupandshare1newinsightwiththeclass在小组内讨论然后分享关于以上问题的意见©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-7StrategyReview战略重新审视Thefirm’sinternalandexternalenvironmentsaredynamic.Therefore,thebestconceivedandimplementedstrategiesquicklybecomeobsolete!企业内部和外部的环境是在不断的变化中的,所以,设想得再好,实施得再好的战略也会很快的就变得不合时宜。©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-8StrategyReview战略重新审视StrategyEvaluation—theBasics战略评估-基本点•Examiningtheunderlyingbasisofthebusinessstrategy检查企业战略的最基本点•Comparingactualtoexpectedresults将实际结果和预期结果相比较•Takingcorrectiveactiontoaddressperformancegaps采取纠正措施去应对绩效的差距©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-9StrategyReview战略重新审视EffectiveStrategyEvaluation有效的战略评估•Adequateandtimelyfeedback适当并及时的反馈Thecornerstoneofeffectiveevaluation是有效评估的基石Importanceof360%feedback–individualsandorganisation360%反馈的重要性–对个人及企业©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-10StrategyReview战略重新审视StrategyEvaluation战略评估•Musthaveboth必须同时具备以下两者Short-&longer-termfocus短期和长期的重点©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-11StrategyReview战略重新审视FourReviewCriteria:四个评价标准:•Consistency连贯性•Validity有效性•Feasibility可行性•Advantage优越性©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-12Consistency连贯性•Ifpolicyproblems/issuescontinuetobebroughttothetopforresolution,strategiesmaybeinconsistent.如果政策性问题经常困扰上层决策,战略也可能是缺乏连贯性的•NBOtherexplanationsalsoneedtobeexplored可以进一步探讨其他情况•Ifsuccessforonedepartmentmeansfailureforanother,strategiesmaybeinconsistent.如果一个部门的成功意味着另一个部门的失败,战略也可能是缺乏连贯性的•Ifmanagerialproblemscontinue,strategiesmaybeinconsistent.如果管理的问题挥之不去,战略有可能是缺乏连贯性的Astrategyshouldpresentconsistentgoals一个战略应该瞄准连贯的目标©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-13Validity有效性•Difficultyinmatchingkeyinternalandexternalfactorsinstrategyreflectspoordatacollectionandanalysis.在战略中无法将内部与外部的重要因素联系起来则反映了数据收集和分析方面的不足•Strategymustrepresentanadaptiveresponsetotheexternalenvironmentandcriticalchangesoccurringwithinit.战略应该是对外部环境及其中发生的重要变革的适当的回应Strategistsneedtoexaminetrends战略家需要审时度势©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-14Feasibility可行性•Canthestrategybeattemptedwithinthephysical,humanandfinancialresourcesoftheenterprise?战略在企业现有的物力、人力、财力的资源范围内是否可行?•Needtorealitycheck,isitdo-able?进行实况检查,可行吗?Strategymustneitherovertaxavailableresourcesnorcreateunsolvableproblems.战略既不应该加重现有资源的负担,也不应该制造不可解决的困难©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-15Exercise2练习2•Whatareasdoyourcurrentstrategyreviewprocesseslookat?Aretheyadequate?Shouldtheybeextended,egtoincludesocial&environmentalauditing?在你们组织内现行的战略重新审视过程中会注重哪些范畴?他们是否适当?是否应该进一步扩展?例如:把社会和环境监测纳入范畴。•Discussingroup&shareideaswiththeclass小组讨论并与全班分享讨论结果©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-16EvaluationFramework评估框架I.ReviewunderlyingbasesI.再审隐含的基本点II.MeasurefirmperformanceII.衡量企绩效效Differences?差异?Yes是No否Differences?差异?No否Yes是III.TakeCorrectiveActionIII.采取纠正措施Continuepresentcourse继续施行现行计划©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-17I.ReviewBasesofStrategyI.重新审视战略基础•Howhavecompetitorsreactedtoourstrategies?竞争对手对我们的战略是如何回应的?•Howhavecompetitors’strategieschanged?竞争对手的战略做了什么改变?•Havemajorcompetitors’strengthsandweaknesseschanged?主要竞争对手的优势和弱点是否发生了变化?©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-18I.ReviewBasesofStrategyI.重新审视战略基础•Anynewcompetitors?有新的竞争对手出现吗?•Whyarecompetitorsmakingcertainstrategicchanges?为什么竞争对手作出这样的战略转变呢?•Whyaresomecompetitors’strategiesmoresuccessfulthanothers?为什么有的竞争对手的战略比别的竞争对手更成功?•Howsatisfiedareourcompetitorswiththeirpresentmarketpositionsandprofitability?我们的竞争对手对他们现在的市场定位和赢利的满意度有多高呢?©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-19I.ReviewBasesofStrategyI.重新审视战略基础•Howfarcanourmajorcompetitorsbepushedbeforeretaliating?主要竞争对手在给压迫到什么的程度的时候会进行反击?•Howcouldwemoreeffectivelycooperatewithourcompetitors?我们可以怎么样更有效地和竞争对手进行合作?©2001PrenticeHallCh.9-20I.ReviewBasesofStrategyI.重新审视战略基础KeyQuestionsinEvaluatingStrategy:评估战略的主要问题:•Areourinternalstrengthsstillstrengths?我们的内部优势是否还是优势?•Haveweaddedotherinterna