英语专四写作指导(2015)

TEM4作文HowmuchyouknowaboutTEM4Writing?Howmanywords?Howmuchtimeallowedforyoutodothetask?Whatscoreyouget?Howacompositionisassessed?Howtoprepareacomposition?Howtoarrangeyour35minutes?Whatstyle?Requirements1，作文：200个单词左右，考试35分钟，总分15%2，便条：50-60字的通知，便条，请帖等等，考试时间10分钟，总分10%WordLimit:about200words1.如题目中给出主题句，起始句，结束句，均不得计入所写字数2.只写一段者：0-4分；只写两段者：0-9分（指规定三段的作文）长度计分标准:150～170词:扣1分130～150词:扣2分110～130词:扣3分90～110词:扣4分90词以下:至多给5分3.为了便于阅卷人员掌握评分标准，现将各档作文分相当于百分制的得分，列表如下，称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60（相当于百分制的60分）。作文分151413121110987得分率1009487807467605447作文分654321得分率40342720147CompositionMarkingCriteria15points:文章内容切题，思想表达清楚，行文通顺流畅，论证严密，论据充分，基本上无语言错误。14-12points:文章内容切题，思想表达清楚，语言比较通顺、连贯、只有极少量语法错误。11-9points:文章内容基本切题，尚能表达中心思想，但说理不够清楚，文字连贯不够好，有少量语法错误。8-6points:基本切题，思想表达不够清楚，连贯性差，语言错误多。5-3points:文章条理不清，语言缺乏连贯，句子错误很多，或语言虽通顺流畅，但完全偏题。[注意：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。]作文评分原则1）是否体现主题思想2）组织结构是否合理3）语法文字是否有重大错误4）卷面布局是否整洁写作顺序1）阅读文章标题，确定文章的中心思想2）确定文章体裁和写作方法3）列出提纲，拟写各部分的主题句4）文章草稿：扩展主题句5）修改后抄正时间分配审题：1-2分钟写提纲，组织素材，细节和关键词：4-5分钟起草：20分钟修改定稿：4-5分钟（拼写/搭配/语法）PartI引言段（内容）1）描写法2）主题法3）数据法4）定义法5）对立法6）问题法PartI1.Topic:(引出要讨论的主题)2Myattitudetowardsit(作者对这些问题的基本态度和看法，是赞成还是反对)Whycollegestudentstakeapart-timejobNowadayscollegestudentsareseenwaitingontables,cleaninginstores,advertisinginstreets,teachinginfamiliesanddoingwhateverworktheycanfind.Ithasbecomefashionableforcollegestudentstodosomeoddjobsintheirsparetime.NomorevideogamesTeenagersarespendingfartoomuchtimeandmoneyinvideoarcadesthesedays.Inmyopinion,videogamesshouldbedoneawaywith.Theyarenothingbutawasteoftime,moneyandenergy.WhycollegegraduateshavedifficultiesfindingajobAccordingtoarecentsurveybychinadaily,about15percentofcollegegraduateshavedifficultiesfindingajobaftertheirgraduation,andthenumberseemstobeincreasing.(通过引用数据引导出中心思想）ShouldEuthanasiabeadvocatedEuthanasia,aquietandeasydeath,or”mercykilling”(下定义），hasbecomeaheatedtopicamongpeoplerecently.Manypeopleapplauditandarguethateuthanasiashouldbeadvocatedinoursociety（中心思想）.Myviewoneasingschoolchildren’sstudyburdenEversincetheeasingofschoolchildren’sstudyburdenisadvocatedbyeducators,someteachersandparentsfrownatit,sayingthatitwillexertbadeffectsonthechildren(引言先引出某些人的观点）。But(通过转折引出自己的不同观点-全文主题）Ithinkeasingschoolchildren’sstudyburdenwilldogoodtoschoolchildrenbothphysicallyandmentally.Ismoneyallpowerful?Ismoneyallpowerful?Ifsomeoneasksmesuchaquestion（引言句提出问题）,myanswerisalwaysthesame:Nomoneyisbynomeansallpowerful（通过回答问题引出全文主题）.PartII主题段根据全文主题确定主题段的内容注意层次关系：General→Specific→details1.首句概括性句子(General)(简单地重复一下所持态度)2.阐述所持态度的理由一2.1.SupportingDetails(具体的事例论证)3.阐述所持态度的理由二)3.1SupportingDetails(具体的事例论证)4.阐述所持态度的理由三)4.1SupportingDetails(具体的事例论证)PartIII结语段(Conclusion)1，总结式2，复述式3，展望式4，建议式5，警示式Whycollegestudentstakeapart-timejobThesignificanceforcollegestudentsofdoingapart-timejobmeansmorethanmoneyandexperience:itwillbroadentheirout-lookandexertaprofoundinfluenceontheirpersonalityandlife.ThenecessityofvoluntaryblooddonationSincevoluntaryblooddonationisbeneficialtothebloodreceivers,tothedonatorsthemselvesandtothesociety,whydon’twealljoinintheline?WhydoIchoosetoliveinthesuburbsLivinginthesuburbisbecomingapredominantpattern,andwiththeimprovementoftrafficandtheperfectionofservices,itwillprovetoholdgreatsuperiorityovercitylife.TheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofprivatetutoringGenerallyspeaking,thedisadvantagesofprivatetutoringoverweightheadvantages.Therefore,greateremphasisshouldbelaidonclassroomteachingandpractice,ontheimprovementofteachingqualityandonthetappingofthepupil’spotentialities.（提出建议）Onlyinthiswaycananewgenerationbehealthilybroughtup（作出展望）.EaseburdenofourschoolchildrenIfwedon’teaseourschoolchildrenstudyburdennow,justimaginewhatwouldbecomeofourchildreninafewyears:theireyesshort-sighted,theirbackshunched,theyarenothingbutbookworms（指出效果）.Therefore,easingourchildren’sstudyburdenisnotanecessity,butamust（得出结论）.作文分类1，立场选择型(评论型议论文)2，问题解决型3，道理论证型(分析型议论文)4，比较对比型文章体裁分类分析原因类作文叙述理由类作文比较型议论文分析型议论文评论型议论文批驳型议论文一，立场选择型作文题目AORB?Isitwisetomakefriendsontheinternet?SavingMoneyorspendingTomorrow’smoney?YESORNO?Willphoneskillletterwriting?评论型议论文第一段：引言句引出要评论的事物，说明在这事物上两种不同的看法第二段：1赞成的观点或事物的优点2承上启下的过渡句，引出下面另一种看法3反对的观点或事物的缺点第三段：平衡这两种看法，总结出作者自己的观点Shouldtheoldpeoplelivewiththeiradultchildren?Nowadaysitbecomesahotlydebatedissuewhetheroldpeopleshouldlivewiththeiradultchildrenornot.Whatdoyouthinkofthisissue?第一段：Nowadays,itisaheatedlydiscussedtopic/---hasbecomethemostpopular/---isapopularphenomenon.(指出新热点，交代争论的背景）Ithink---(表明自己的观点和态度）第二段：Firstly/Inthefirstplace/Firstofall/Ononehad---(阐述一方面理由）Secondly/Inthesecondplace/Ontheotherhand/Furthermore（阐述另一方面理由）第三段：Inshort---/Tosumup/InonewordP17Nowadays,itisaheatedlydiscussedtopicto---Firstly,itmayinterfereinadultchildren’sindependenceandfreedom.Secondly,peopleofdifferentageshavedifferentwaysoflife.Thirdly,peopleofdifferentgenerationshavedifferentviewsandvalues.Inshort----问题解决型作文常见题目ThebestwaytostayhealthyOnewaytosolvetheproblemMyideaofauniversityartsfestivalMyideaofasuccessfulinterv