系统解剖-呼吸系统-英文版.Respiratory-system

RespiratorySystem呼吸系统RespiratorySystem★CompositionRespiratorytract呼吸道Nose鼻Pharynx咽Larynx喉Trachea气管Bronchi支气管Lungs肺:pairedorgansofrespirationFunctionsupplythebodywithoxygenandgetridofexcesscarbondioxideresultingfromcellmetabolismupperrespiratorytract上呼吸道lowerrespiratorytract下呼吸道Nose鼻Externalnose外鼻Rootofnose鼻根Backofnose鼻背Apexofnose鼻尖Nasalala鼻翼Nasalcavity鼻腔Nasalcavityisdividedintorightandlefthalvesbynasalseptum鼻中隔Theseptumismadeupoftheseptalcartilage,theverticalplateoftheethmoid,andthevomerEachnasalcavityextendsfromthenostril鼻前孔infronttothechoanae鼻后孔behindNasalcavity鼻腔★Twoparts:Dividedbylimennasi鼻阈Nasalvestibule鼻前庭Propernasalcavity固有鼻腔BoundariesofnasalcavityRoof－cribriformplateofethmoidFloor－hardpalateMedialwall－nasalseptum★LateralwallSuperiormiddleinferiorSuperiormiddleinferiorSphenoethmoidalrecess蝶筛隠窝下鼻甲鼻阈鼻前庭下鼻道最上鼻甲上鼻甲中鼻甲中鼻道蝶筛隐窝上鼻道nasalconchae鼻甲nasalmeatus鼻道Nasalcavity鼻腔RemovethemiddlenasalconchaeEthmoidalbulla筛泡Semilunarhiatus半月裂孔Ethmoidalinfundibulum筛漏斗Nasalcavity鼻腔Mucousmembraneofnasalcavity鼻腔粘膜ThevestibuleislinedbymodifiedskinOlfactoryregion嗅区TheareaabovesuperiornasalconchaeLinedwitholfactorymucousmembranewhichcontainsolfactorycellsRespiratoryregion呼吸区ThelowerpartofthenasalcavityLinedwithrespiratorymucousmembraneItsfunctionistowarm,moisten,andcleantheinspiredair★Paranasalsinuses鼻旁窦AircontainedspacesinthebonesaroundandopenintothenasalcavityFrontalsinus额窦Maxillarysinus上颌窦Ethmoidalsinus筛窦Sphenoidsinus蝶窦Paranasalsinuses鼻旁窦FrontalsinusEthmoidalsinusesSphenoidsinusMaxillarysinus★Paranasalsinuses鼻旁窦NameofsinusSiteofdrainageFrontalsinusMiddlenasalmeatusviainfundibulumMaxillarysinusMiddlenasalmeatusthroughsemilunarhiatusSphenoidsinusSphenoethmoidalrecessEthmoidalsinusesanteriorgroupmiddlegroupposteriorgroupMiddlenasalmeatusMiddlenasalmeatusSuperiornasalmeatusLarynx喉★PositionSituatedintheanteriorpartoftheneck(belowthehyoidbone)ExtendsfromvertebrallevelofC3toC6StructuresTheframeworkofthelarynxismadeupofcartilages,whichconnectedbymembranesandligamentsandmovedbymusclesItislinesbymucousmembrane★Laryngealcartilages喉软骨Thyroidcartilage甲状软骨Cricoidcartilage环状软骨Epiglotticcartilage会厌软骨Arytenoidcartilage杓状软骨Layngealcartilages喉软骨Thyroidcartilage甲状软骨Shield-shapedcartilage★Laryngealprominence喉结SuperiorthyroidnotchSuperiorandinferiorcornuCricoidcartilage环状软骨Completeringofcartilage(shapedlikeasignetring)★Archofcricoidcartilage环状软骨弓－atlevelofC6Laminaofcricoidcartilage环状软骨板Layngealcartilages喉软骨Arytenoidcartilage杓状软骨Paired,pyramidshaped,articulatewithlaminaofcricoidcartilageVocalprocessanteriorly,siteofposteriorattachmentofvocalfoldMuscularprocessEpiglotticcartilage会厌软骨Leaf-shapedelasticcartilageAttachedbyitsstalktothethyroidcartilageLaryngealjointsCricothyroidjoint环甲关节Cricoarytenoidjoint环杓关节MembranesandligamentsoflarynxThyrohyoidmembrane甲状舌骨膜ExtendingfromhyoidbonetothyroidcartilageCricotrachealligament环状软骨气管韧带BetweencricoidcartilageandfirstringoftracheaMembranesandligamentsoflarynxQuadrangularmembrane方形膜Betweenepiglottic,thyroidandarytenoidcartilagesvestibularligament前庭韧带LowerfreeborderofquadrangularmembraneConuselasticus弹性圆锥Betweenarytenoids,thyroid,andcricoidcartilagesVocalligament声韧带:UpperfreeborderofconuselasticusMediancricothyroidligment环甲正中韧带MaybesiteofcircothyrotomyduringacuterespiratoryobstructionMembranesandligamentsoflarynxConuselasticus弹性圆锥Vocalligament声韧带Quadrangularmembrane方形膜Vestibularligament前庭韧带MusclesoflarynxCricothyroid环甲肌---tensethevocalligamentThyroarytenoid甲杓肌---relaxthevocalligamentLateralcricoarytenoid环杓侧肌--closetheglottisPosteriorcricoarytenoid环杓后肌---opentheglottisArytenoid杓肌—closetheapertureoflarynxCricothyroidThyroarytenoidlateralcricoarytenoidposteriorcricoarytenoidMusclesoflarynxCricothyroid环甲肌---tensethevocalligamentCricothyroidMusclesoflarynxThyroarytenoid甲杓肌---RelaxthevocalligamentThyroarytenoidMusclesoflarynxposteriorcricoarytenoid环杓后肌---opentheglottisPosteriorcricoarytenoidMusclesoflarynxlateralcricoarytenoid环杓侧肌--closetheglottisLateralcricoarytenoidLaryngealcavity喉腔★Apertureoflarynx喉口Boundedbyupperborderepiglotticcartilage,aryepiglotticfoldsandinterarytenoidnotchepiglottisaryepiglotticfoldsinterarytenoidnotchLaryngealcavity喉腔★TwopairsofshelflikefoldsVestibularfolds前庭襞FixedfoldoneachsideofthelarynxFormedbymucousmembranecoveringthevestibularligamentandispinkincolorVocalfolds声襞MobilefoldoneachsideofthelarynxFormedbymucousmembranecoveringthevocalligamentandiswhiteincolor声门下腔喉室前庭襞声襞喉前庭Laryngealcavity喉腔★TwofissuresRimavestibuli前庭裂Fissureofglottis声门裂ThenarrowestpartofthelaryngealcavityIntermembranouspart膜间部anterior3/5,betweenvocal-foldsIntercartilaginouspart软骨间部posterior2/5,betweenarytenoidcartilages声门下腔喉室前庭襞声襞喉前庭Laryngealcavity喉腔★ThreepartsLaryngealvestibule喉前庭ExtendsfromtheapertureoflarynxtotherimavestibuliTubercleofepiglottis会厌结节Intermedialcavityoflarynx喉中间腔ExtendsfromtheleveloftherimavestibulitothelevelofthefissureofglottisVentricleoflarynx喉室asmallrecessbetweenvestibularandvocalfol