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初中被动语态讲解及配套练习一、主动语态与被动语态的概念：注：☆及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。例：⑴Welistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.主谓宾→Theteacherislistenedtobyuscarefullyinclass.主谓介词短语⑵Ｗelaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyus.二：注：我们初中主要掌握前面四种的用法时态动词的被动形式例句一般现在时isdoneHeisaskedtodothis.一般过去时wasdoneThestorywastoldbyhermother.一般将来时willbedoneTheproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.现在进行时isbeingdoneThenovelisbeingwritten.过去进行时wasbeingdoneAtthattimethedeskwasbeingmade.现在完成时hasbeendoneThehousehasbeenbuilt.过去完成时hadbeendoneTheysaidthattheirworkhadbeenfinished.过去将来时wouldbedoneHesaidthetreeswouldbeplantedsoon.三、被动语态的各种句型：１、Ｔhesongislikedbyyoungpeople.(肯定句)２、Ｔhesongisn’tlikedbyyoungpeople（否定句）３、Isthesonglikedbyyoungpeople?（一般疑问句）４、Whoisthesonglikedby?=Bywhomisthesongliked?（特殊疑问句）四、主动语态改被动语态的方法：方法分为三步：⑴把原句中的宾语改成主语⑵动词改为变动形式bedone(同时注意时态)⑶原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则省去例：Themankilledatiger.→Atigerwaskilledbytheman.(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面)五、特殊句型的被动语态：1含有使役动词（make/let/have）或感官动词（hear,see,listento,lookat,find,watch,feel等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to,但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。例：①Motheroftenmakesmedosomehousework.→Iamoftenmadetodosomehouseworkbymother.②Wesawhimrunintotheclassroom.→Hewasseentorunintotheclassroombyus.带省to的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+sb+dosth.口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。动词：make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watchmakesbdosth----sb+be+made+todosthThebossmadetheworkersworkalldayTheworkers__________________workalldaybytheboss.2.带双宾语的被动语态：teach,give,pass,show,buy,tell例：①Ｓhegavemeapen.=Shegaveapentome.→Iwasgivenapenbyher.→Apenwasgiventomebyher.②Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.=Myfatherboughtanewbikeforme.→Iwasboughtanewbikebymyfather.→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.动词+sb(间宾)+sth(直宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to/for间宾连。1).give/pass/show与介词to搭配。givesbsth——sb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.2).buy/make/cook与介词for搭配。buysbsth——sb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsbHegavemeabookI_______________abookbyhim.Abook_________________mebyhim.Mymothermademeacake.I____________acakebymymotherAcake_____________mebymymother.3由不及物动词（vi）+介词/副词＋宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。例：①Ｗeshouldspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.→Oldpeopleshouldbespokentopolitely(byus).②Hetookawaythebox..→Theboxwastakenawaybyhim.4.see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doingsth句型中变被动语态时doing不变。IheardTomsingingjustnowTom__________________bymejustnow.5.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Theoldshould________________________.有些词组没有被动语态：sellwell,writewell,ridewell,drivewellwashwell六、没有被动语态的动词：1.没有被动语态的词，表示状态或特征的及物动词如cost,fit,have,suit等没有被动形式，另外，诸如happen=takeplace,breakout(爆发)，breakdown(坏了)等不及物动词或短语以及诸如resultfrom(缘于)，belongto,consistof等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态２不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:appear,die,disappear,end(vi.结束),fail,last,lie,remain,sit,spread（传播）,stand,cometrue,fallasleep,...３.大多数系动词：be,feel(摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)taste（尝起来）等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。例：①Ｔheskirtfeelsverysoft.这件裙子摸起来很柔软。②Manychangeshavehappenedinourhometown.③Thefilmlastedfor3hours.一、单项选择：()1.English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()2.ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()3.Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()4.Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()5.Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()6.Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()7.Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()8.Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()9.Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()10.Thesportsmeeting___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()11.___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()12.___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()13.Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()14.Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()15.Where___theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am()16.Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()17.Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()18.Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()19.Theboy___streetswithoutpayingintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()20.Thesechildren____dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto()21.Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace()22.Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened()23.Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken()24.Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting()25.Whattime___thedoor___everyday?A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close()26.Theapple___verysweet.A.istastedB.tasteC.tastesD.aretasting()27.You___morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat()28..Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed___.A.toc