压力容器的焊接工艺设计

洛阳理工学院毕业设计I压力容器的焊接工艺设计摘要众所周知，压力容器是在石油化学工业、能源工业、科研和军工等国民经济的各个部门都起着重要作用的设备。而由于密封、承压及介质等原因，容易发生爆炸、燃烧起火而危及人员、设备和财产的安全及污染环境的事故，因此世界各国均将其列为重要的监检产品，由国家指定的专门机构，按照国家规定的法规和标准实施监督检查和技术检验。同样的，对于它的生产要求也不能放松。焊接作为压力容器生产的主要环节，可谓是重中之重。手工电弧焊机比较简单，主要组成部分为电源和焊钳，使用方便灵活。手工电弧焊的应用虽因气体保护电弧焊和其他高效焊接方法的发展而有所减少，但仍然是各个工业部门常用的焊接方法。本文就手工电弧焊在压力容器焊接过程中的工艺，以锅炉的分气缸为例进行设计，并对容易发生的几种缺陷进行研究，找出杜绝方法。关键词：压力容器，手工电弧焊，工艺，焊接缺陷洛阳理工学院毕业设计IITHEWELDINGPROCESSDESIGNOFPRESSUREVESSELABSTRACTItiswellknown,thepressurevesselisinnationaleconomyandsoonphotochemistryindustry,energyindustry,scientificresearchandwarindustryeachdepartmentsishavingtheinfluentialroleequipment.Butbecauseseals,reasonsandsoonbearingpressureandmedium,easytohavethedetonation,thecombustiontobeonfireendangersthepersonnel,theequipmentandthepropertysafetyandthepollutionoftheenvironmentaccident,thereforevariouscountrieslistasittheimportantjailtoexaminetheproduct,assignstheSpecializedagencybythecountry,accordingtonationalstipulationlawsandregulationsandstandardimplementationcontrolinspectionandtechnicalexamination.Similarly,cannotrelaxregardingitsproductionrequest.Weldingkeylinkwhichproducesasthepressurevessel,itmaybesaidthatisthemostimportant.Manualarcweldingmachineissimple,themaincomponentsforpowerandsolderingtweezersandeasytouse.Thoughthemanualelectricarcappliedelectricarcweldingandgasprotectionforthedevelopmentofotherhigh-effectiveweldingmethodanddecreased,butisstillallindustrialdepartmentofweldingmethodsusedformanyvarieties,smallbatchoftheeconomy,inmanyinstallationweldingandweldingrepairforotherweldingmethodsarenotreplaced.Butthewelderoperationmanualarcweldingtechnologylevelofquality,thereforemustundergostricttraining,welderweldingworkinthiscanbe.KEYWORDS:Pressurevessel,ManualArcWelding,Craft,WeldingDefects洛阳理工学院毕业设计III目录摘要.................................................................错误!未定义书签。ABSTRACT.........................................................错误!未定义书签。目录.................................................................错误!未定义书签。前言................................................................................................1第一章手工电弧焊简介...................................................................31.1电弧焊..................................................................................31.2手工电弧焊...........................................................................31.3手工电弧焊的优点极其应用范围........................................41.4手工电弧焊的安全技术.......................................................41.4.1电弧焊机的技术要求.................................................51.4.2电焊钳.........................................................................51.4.3焊接导线.....................................................................61.5焊接材料...............................................................................61.5.1焊条的组成.................................................................61.5.2焊条分类.....................................................................71.5.3焊条的选用原则.........................................................71.6焊接工艺...............................................................................91.6.1焊条直径的选择.........................................................91.6.2焊接电流的选择.........................................................91.6.3电弧电压的选择.......................................................101.6.4焊接速度...................................................................111.6.5电源种类和极性的选择............................................111.6.6焊接层数的选择.......................................................111.7焊接接头、坡口及组对.....................................................111.7.1焊接接头、坡口及组对............................................111.7.2熔焊接头与坡口.......................................................121.7.3管材的坡口与组对...................................................13第二章分气缸焊接工艺.................................................................15洛阳理工学院毕业设计IV2.1分气缸概述及主要接头编号示意图..................................152.2焊接材料的选择.................................................................162.2.1所选材料的质量必须符合国家标准........................162.2.2焊条的选择...............................................................162.3焊接准备.............................................................................172.3.1根据焊接接头的不同选择坡口形式........................172.3.2焊条烘干...................................................................182.3.3焊接环境...................................................................182.3.4焊接方法和焊接设备的选择....................................182.4焊接操作.............................................................................182.4.1罐体的组对...............................................................192.4.2定位焊.......................................................................192.4.3打底焊.......................................................................192.4.4过渡层焊接...............................................................192.4.5盖面焊接...................................................................202.5焊接检验............................................................