修辞格

FiguresofspeechinEnglishlanguage英语修辞格•Alliteration•Assonance•Consonance•Onomatopoeia头韵•Itistheclose-orderrepetitionofinitialconsonantsinaseriesofwords.Sincetheletterrepeatedisusuallytheinitialconsonants,alliterationisalsocalled“headrhyme”,or“frontrhyme”.•Examples•1.Thelipsofleaves,andtherippleofrain.2.Itwasasplendidpopulation-foralltheslow,sleepy,sluggishbrainedslothsstayedathome.(byMarkTwain)assonance•itreferstotherepetitionofinternalvowelsound.Itistherepetitionofsimilarvowelsoundsortherepetitionofanaccentualvowel,butnotaconsonantfollowing.•Examples•1.Hownow,browncow.2.TheraininSpainstaysmainlyintheplain.Consonance•Definition:consonanceisasound-effectarisingfromrepetitionorcloseoccurrenceofconsonantswithinwords.Itconsistsoftherepetitionofconsonantsoundsattheendofwordsincloseconnection,oroflinesofversesafterdifferentvowelsounds.•Examples:1.Strongreasonsmakestrongactions.2.AndIcanlistentotheeyet,Andlisten,tillIdobeget.拟声•Itisarhetoricaldevicethatreliesonsoundforeffect.Itistheuseofwordswhosesoundis“anechotothesense”.•examples•Onomatopoeia•1.Thesunwasshiningbrightly;thechildrenwereplayingonthegrass;thebeeswerebuzzingamongtheflowers.•2.Theicewashere,theicewasthere,theicewasallaround;Itcrackedandgrowled,androaredandhowled,likenoisesinaswound!•Simile•Metaphor•Metonymy•Synaesthesia•Antonomasia•Synecdoche•Personification•Apostrophe•Irony•Litotes•Innuendo•Euphemism•Contrast•Oxymoron•Transferredepithet•Pun•Syllepsis•Zeugma•Allusion•Parody•Paradox•Paregmenon明喻•Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.•examples•Sheisasbusyasabee.•Thenewmoonlookslikesickle.暗喻•Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.•Examplesmetaphor•Theworldisastage.•Chongqingisanoveninsummer.转喻•Itisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthemaneofonethingforthatofanother.•Examples•Thepen(words)ismightierthanthesword(forces).•Thepersuasionismorepowerfulthanviolence.通感•Itistheuseofonesensetoconveytheexperienceofanothersense.Itisthemixingofsensations,theconcurrentappealtomorethanonesense,ortheresponsethroughseveralsensestothestimulationofone;orthestimulationofonesensebyanother.•examples•Heardmelodiesaresweet,butthoseunheardaresweeter.•April,April,Laughthygoldenlaughter,but,themomentafter,Weepthygoldentear!换喻•Itisthesubstitutionofthenameofanindividualforthatofclass.Itistheuseoftheanassociationofcontiguitybetweenapropernounoranepithetandwhatissubstitutionfor.•Examples•EveryonewantstobeaSolomon.•WeneedDanielinthecourt.提喻•Itisinvolvesthesubstitutionofthepartforthewhole,orthewholeforthepart.•Examples•Shewasdressedinsilks.•Theyoungmenwillspendthecomingsmilingyear.Personification•Itisafigureofspeechthatattributeshumanqualitiestoanimals,orgiveslifeorpersonalitytoinanimateobjectsorabstractideas.•Examples:1.Thewindsighedinthetreetops.2.Thespringtimecame,firsttotheplainsandfoothillsandthenuptothemountainsnows.ApostropheItisabriefturningasidetoaddressapersonwhoisnotpresent,oraddressapersonifiedobjectorabstraction.•Examples:1.Milton,thoushouldstbelivingatthishour:Englandhathneedofthee.2.Bloom,o.yeamaranths!Bloomforyeway.Formeyebloomnot!Glide,richstreams,away.IronyItisafigureofspeechinwhichtheintendedmeaningistheoppositeofthatexpressedbythewordsused.•Examples:1.WeareluckyitistheothersideonthethirteenthofDecember.Thatmakesusfeelrealgood.2.Ifpeoplekeeptellingyoutoquitsmokingcigarette,don’tlisten.They’reprobablytryingtotrickyouintoliving.Litotes•Itisafigureofspeechinwhichanaffirmativeisexpressedbythenegativeofthecontrary.•Examples:1.IfSaddamHusseingoesoutofpower,notearistobeshed.2.Therewasaslightdisturbanceinthecityyesterday.Alltheshopswereshut.InnuendoItisamildformofirony,hintinginaratherroundaboutway.•Examples:1.Theweathermansaiditwouldbewarm.Hemusthavetakenhisreadingsinabathroom.2.AfterthreedaysinJapan,thespinalcolumnbecomesextraordinarilyflexible.Euphemism•Itisthesubstitutionofawordofmorepleasantconnotationforoneofunpleasantconnotation.•Examples:1.Tojointhegreatmajority(death).2.Totakesomebodyforaride(killsomeone).contrast•Itreferstocomparethetwothingsinordertothedifferencebetweenthem.•e.g.:(1)Thefirm’sletterheadproperlyincludedhim,whileasthedebtspileduphisnamecameofftheletterhead.•(2)Shewassinginganddancingbeforehearingthebadnews;thenshequieteddown.oxymoron•Itistheuseoftwocontrastingwordsorideastocreatearatherunusualorstartlingeffect.•e.g.:(1)Hishairwasoneoffriendlyhostility.•(2)Theverdictwasguilty.Iwasfined100dollarsandcosts.DudleyFieldMalonecalledmyconvictiona“victoriousdefeat”.transferredepithet•Itisafigurativedeviceinwhichanepithetistransferredfromthenounitwouldordinarilyprecedetoanothernountowhichitdoesnotreallyapplyorbelong.•e.g.:(1)Hisbrowiswetwithhonestsweat.•(2)Americahasshownustoomanydesperatelyworriedexecutivesdroppingintoearlygraves.pun•Itisplayonwords,orratheraplayontheformandmeaningofwords,sotha