TranslationofChineseIdioms汉语成语英译1.Defintion(定义)2.Features(特征)3.Sources(来源)4.Methods(翻译方法)5.NoteworthyPoints(注意要点)1.Definition1).成语—人们长期以来习用的、形式简洁而意思精辟的、定型的词组或短语。(《现代汉语词典》)2).Anidiomisanexpressionwhichfunctionsasasingleunitandwhosemeaningcannotbeworkedoutfromitsseparateparts.(LongmanDictionaryofAppliedLinguistics,1985)成语(习语)作为一种表达式,在功能上相当于一个单位,其意义不能从各个组成部分得出。成语是一种人们长期以来相沿习用的、具有固定的结构形式和完整的意义内容、带有书面语色彩的固定短语。2.Features(特征)1).结构严整,对仗工整(form)2).言简意赅,形象生动(sense)3).琅琅上口,易学易记(sound)1).结构严整,对仗工整(form)汉语成语结构紧密,一般不能任意变动词序,抽换或增减其中的成分,具有结构的凝固性,其形式以四字格居多。三三两两bytwosandthrees才高八斗ofgreaterudition/haveprofoundlearning2).言简意赅,形象生动(sense)成语言词简练,可用来表达丰富的思想内涵。不可救药beyondcure/hopeless画饼充饥drawacakeandcallitadinner(literal)feedonillusions/eattheair(free)抛砖引玉castabricktoattractjade/castabricktogetagem(literal)makeamodestspurtoinduceotherstocomeforwardwithvaluablecontributions(free)扬扬得意beimmenselyproudwithsuccess/looktriumphant(free)3).琅琅上口,易学易记(sound)汉语成语结构对仗工整,具有音韵美,读起来琅琅上口,较易记住。曲曲环环twisting(free)叮叮咚咚murmuring(free)(1).九溪十八涧则以“曲曲环环路,叮叮咚咚泉”著称。TheplacecalledNineCreeksandEighteenGulliesiswell-knownforitstwistingpathsandmurmuringstreams.4.SourcesofChineseIdioms(来源)(1)历史事实有些成语是从历史事实来的。其中有的是把某一历史事件,概括为成语的;有的是截取或改易历史里的著名文句为成语的。A.完璧归赵returnthejadeintacttotheStateofZhao—returnsth.toitsowneringoodcondition.(literal)retrunathingwholetoitsowner.(free)B.门庭若市Thecourtyardisascrowdedasamarketplace—amuchvisitedhouse(literal+annotation)C.一鼓作气atthefirstdrumcourageisaroused(literal)atonefling/atadash(free)(2)前人故事有些成语是由前人的故事来的,这类故事也是确有其人其事,只是其人其事在历史上不是很重要的。这类成语有的比较有风趣,有的有比较好的修辞效果,所以也被人们广泛地使用。A.胸有成竹haveawell-thought-outplanbefore/haveacard(oranace)upone’ssleeve(free)B.满城风雨(news)spreadalloverthecity/becomethetalkofthetown(free)C.门可罗雀Youcancatchsparrowsonthedoorstep—wherevisitorsarefewandfarbetween.(literal+annotation)威武不屈,尾大不掉,抱薪救火(3)寓言传说古书里边也有些含义深刻的寓言,也是成语的来源。这类成语,往往有教训或讽喻的意味。A.杞人忧天likethemanofQiwhowashauntedbythefearthattheskymightfall—entertainimaginaryorgroudlessfears(literal+annotation)B.邯郸学步imitateothersandthusloseone’sownindividuality/imitateotherswithoutsuccessandthuslosewhatusedtobeone’sownability守株待兔,刻舟求剑,画蛇添足(4)古人原句成语里面有一些是全用古人语句而不作改动的。A.水落石出(宋朝文学家苏轼的《赤壁赋》:“山高月小,水落石出”“水落石出”本来是纯粹写景的文句,后代用为成语,比喻真实的情况终于显露出来。)Whenthewatersubsidestherocksemerge—thewholethingcomestolight.(literal+annotation)Thetruthis(orcomes)out/themurderisout.(free)B.一鸣惊人(anobscureperson)amazetheworldwithasinglebrilliantfeat(literal)makeone’smarkatthefirstshot/winpopularitywiththefirstwork.(free)(5)截用或改易古人语句有些成语是截用或者把古人的语句略加改变,然后使用的。截用或改变的原因,主要是为了使其符合成语的结构形式。A.舍生取义(《孟子·告子》上篇里有两句话是:生,亦我所欲也;义,亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼,舍生而取义者也。后人从这两句话里,取出舍生取义这四个字作为成语,表示为了维护正义不惜牺牲生命的崇高品质。)laydownone’slifeforajustcausedieforprinciple/preferhonortolife(free)B.一丘之貉birdsofafeather/tigersfromthesameden(6)人民群众用过的精炼词组成语中绝大部分是人民群众创造的,其中有一些具有浓厚的口语色彩和生活气息。A.大海捞针lookforaneedleinabunchofhaystackB.指桑骂槐pointatthemulberryandabusethelocust—pointatonebutabuseanother(literal+annotation)makeobliqueaccusations(free)(7).谚语俗语有些成语是群众口头中使用的谚语或俗语。A.亡羊补牢Mendthefoldafterthesheepisstolen.B.敝帚千金cherishanoldbroomasifitwereathousandpiecesofgold—cherishapossessionoflittlevalue.(8)外来的成语成语中也有来自外国的。如佛经里边的语句和典故以及西方的典故、格言以及西洋著作的汉文译本中的精炼语句等。A.一尘不染freeofdustB.现身说法advisesb.orexplainsth.byusingone’sownexperience/takeoneselfasanexampleC.心花怒放bewildwithjoy/beelated(free)(9)新生成语随着社会的发展演进,根据社会生活的实际需要,表达新思想意识的成语,就自然会不断地陆续地产生。A.推陈出新weedthroughtheoldtobringforththenewB.分秒必争seizeeveryminuteandsecondraceagainsttime(free)C.百花齐放letahundredflowersblossom(literal)5.MethodstoTranslateChineseIdioms(方法)1).Literaltranslation直译(在语言形式和比喻形象上有相似之处,虽所用比喻不同,但含义却较相似。尽量在译文中保留原文成语的形象、修辞手段和民族特色)a.打草惊蛇:tostirupthegrassandalertthesnake(wakeasleepingdog)b.对牛弹琴:toplaythelutetoacow(castthepearlbeforetheswine)c.雪中送炭:tosendcharcoalinsnowyweatherd.挥金如土:Spendmoneylikedirt/watere.易如反掌:Aseasyasturningoverone’shand/palmf.攻其不备:Strikesbwhenheisunpreparedg.声东击西:Shoutintheeastandstrikeinthewesth、顺水推舟:Pushtheboatwiththecurrenti、朴实无华:Simpleandunadorned2)Literaltranslationwithannotations直译加注有些习语含有比喻意义、象征意义或是历史典故等)a.木已成舟:Thewoodisalreadymadeintoaboat—what’sdoneisdone.b.杞人忧天:LikethemanofChiwhowashauntedbythefearthattheskymightfall—unnecessaryanxiety.c.朝秦暮楚:ServetheStateofQininthemorningandtheStateofChuintheevening—playingfastandloose(quicktoswitchsides)e.走马观花:Lookatflowerswhileridingonthebackofagallopinghorse—giveacursoryglance.3).Literaltranslationwithamplification直译增补(Amplifytheimpliedmeaning(literaltranslation+amplification)a.望梅止渴:gaze(look)atplumstoquenchone’sthirst—vainhopeb.三头六臂:withthreeheadsandsixarms—superhumanc.三顾茅庐:makethreecallsatthethatchedcottage—repeatedlyrequestsb.totakeuparesponsiblepost.d.一枕黄粱:GoldenMilletDream—abriefdreamofgrandeure.一日三秋:Oneday(awayfromadearone)seemsthreeyears—missoneverymuch4).Substitutivetranslation套译(借用)法(套译法是指有些英语习语在比喻意义上同汉语习语基本相似,但在形象或比喻手法上略有不同)A.ChineseandEnglishidiomswithidenticalorsimilarimages形象比喻相同a.原形毕露:showone’scolorsb.一文不名:withoutapennytoone’snamec.千钧一发:hangbyathreadd.君子协定:Gentleman’sagreemente.空中楼阁thecastleintheairf.时时刻刻EverynowandthenB.ChineseandEnglishI