澳大利亚乳制品业的开放与合理化对美国及世界乳品业的意义(1)

BABCOCKINSTITUTEDISCUSSIONPAPERNo.2000-3THEDEREGULATIONANDRATIONALIZATIONOFAUSTRALIA'SDAIRYINDUSTRY—IMPLICATIONSFORTHEU.S.ANDWORLDDAIRYINDUSTRIESW.D.DobsonandJeffreyWagnerTheBabcockInstituteRenkAgribusinessInstituteTheBabcockInstituteforInternationalDairyResearchandDevelopmentUniversityofWisconsin,CollegeofAgriculturalandLifeSciences240AgricultureHall,1450LindenDriveMadison,Wisconsin53706-1562TheresearchpresentedinthisDiscussionPaperwassupportedbytheBabcockInstituteforInternationalDairyResearchandDevelopmentandbytheRenkAgribusinessInstitute,UniversityofWisconsin-Madison.TheRenkAgribusinessInstituteisajointprogramoftheUniversityofWisconsin-MadisonCollegeofAgriculturalandLifeSciencesUniversityofWisconsin-MadisonSchoolofBusinessUniversityofWisconsinExtensionCooperativeExtensionDivisionTheBabcockInstituteforInternationalDairyResearchandDevelopmentisajointprogramoftheUniversityofWisconsin-MadisonCollegeofAgriculturalandLifeSciencesUniversityofWisconsin-MadisonSchoolofVeterinaryMedicineUniversityofWisconsinExtensionCooperativeExtensionDivisionFundingfortheBabcockInstituteportionofthisstudywasprovidedbyCSRSUSDASpecialGrant95-34266-2211TheviewsexpressedinBabcockInstituteDiscussionPapersarethoseoftheauthors;theydonotnecessarilyrepresentthoseoftheInstituteoroftheUniversity.TheBabcockInstitute240AgricultureHall,1450LindenDriveMadison,WI53706-1562USAPhone:608-265-4169;Fax:[phone]Email:[e-mail]:UniversityofWisconsin2000TableofContentsExecutiveSummary.....................................................................1Introduction...............................................................................................................................1CharacteristicsofAustralia'sDairyIndustry..............................................................................1TerminationofAustralia'sDomesticMarketSupportSchemeandStateMarketMilkPricing—EconomicandPoliticalPressuresthatFosteredDeregulation................................2TheRestructuringPackageMadeAvailabletoAustralianMilkProducersAfterDeregulation.....2HowDeregulationWillAffectAustralia'sDairyIndustryandtheExportingCapabilitiesofAustralianDairyFirms.........................................................................................................3WillEconomicandPoliticalPressuresthatFosteredDeregulationinAustralia'sDairyIndustryProduceSimilarResultsintheU.S.,EUandCanada?.........................................3ACaveat....................................................................................................................................4Introduction..............................................................................5I.CharacteristicsofAustralia'sDairyIndustry....................................6DairyFarmingCharacteristics....................................................................................................6MarketMilkProduction.............................................................................................................8MarketMilkRegulationandPricing...........................................................................................8InterCountryComparisonsofMilkProduction..........................................................................9ExportMarketShares................................................................................................................9TheKeyPlayers......................................................................................................................10II.TerminationofAustralia'sDomesticMarketSupportSchemeandStateMarketMilkPricing—EconomicandPoliticalPressuresthatFosteredDeregulation.......................................................................12TheDomesticMarketSupportScheme....................................................................................12StateMilkPricingandControl.................................................................................................13WhytheDMSSchemeandStateMilkPricingwereTerminated...............................................13WhyVictoria'sDairyFarmerGroupsPursuedDeregulation....................................................13WhyProducerGroupsinMarketMilkStateswerePowerlesstoResistDeregulation..............16III.TheRestructuringPackageMadeAvailabletoAustralianMilkProducersAfterDeregulation................................................................16KeyElementsoftheRestructuringPackage.............................................................................16TheIndustryFacility................................................................................................................17FinancingtheRestructuringPackage........................................................................................17WhattheRestructuringPaymentsRepresent............................................................................17ImpactonConsumerPrices.........................................................................