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商务英语翻译第七章被动语态翻译Homework1.TranslationthefollowingintoChineseToday,IamdelightedtohavethisopportunitytoattendtheAnnualMeetingofWorldEconomicForum,anddiscusswithdistinguishedstatesmen,entrepreneursandscholarsfrommanycountriestheprospectoftheworldeconomyinthe1990s.我今天十分高兴有机会参加世界经济论坛年会，与来自各国的政治家、企业家和学者们讨论90年大世界经济形式展望。PleaseallowmetoextendmygreetingstothePresidentoftheAnnualMeetingandalltheladiesandgentlemenpresenthere.Mygreetingsalsogotothegovernmentandpeopleofourhost,theSwissConfederation.请允许我向大会主席，以及与会的女士们、先生们致意；同时还要对东道主瑞士政府和人民致意。TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:下午好！欢迎大家来到这个完美净白、闪耀钻石光彩得“美白十进制”得世界，参加OLAY净白莹采系列大型新闻发布会，见证OLAY净白莹采系列新品----OLAY透白美肌水凝粉底乳在中国正式全面上市。Goodafternoon.Welcometotheperfectwhiteningandcrystalshiningworldofthe“DecimalSystem”.ThanksforattendingthepressconferenceofOLAYwhiteradianceseries----OLAYTranslucentFairnessAquaFoundationinChina.在此，我谨代表宝洁公司，对各位得的光临表示热烈欢迎，感谢各位朋友对OLAY玉兰油品牌的一贯支持。Pleaseallowme,onbehalfofP&Gtoextendourwarmestwelcometoalltheguestspresentingheretoday.TranslationofPassiveVoiceThepassivevoiceismorecommonlyusedinEnglishthaninChinese,especiallyinthewritingsofscienceandtechnology.Inthesentencesinwhichthedoersarenotnecessarilytoldornotknown,thepassiveisused.Andsometimesforthesakeofconnectionofthecontext,thereoccursthepassivevoice.SincethepassivestructureseldomappearsinChinese,manypassivesentencesinEnglishhavetobeturnedintoactivesentencesinChineseactivesentencesasmanyaspossible.Buttheversionmustbemadeidiomaticandsmooth,notambiguousorabstruse(hardtounderstand).Thisisaproblemwhichisworthourattention.A.Translationintoactivevoice:ThenovelTheDreamofReadMansionhasbeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguages.小说《红楼梦》已译成许多外国文字。Hislong,weeklyeditorial“FranklySpeaking”thoughsometimesturgidandrepetitiousisreadbymillions.他每周的长篇专栏“坦率的话”有时未免有华而不实、老生常谈的毛病，却仍有千百万人读它。B.Chinesewordstoexpressapassivestructure:With“被、受、得”等字IhopethattheresolutionoftheGeneralAssemblywillatlastberespectedbyMemberStatesandbyIsraelinparticular.我希望大会得各项决议终将得到各会员国，尤其是以色列的尊重。Thosewhoperformdeedsofmeritwillberewarded.立功的人将受到嘉奖。Aprogramcalledacompilerwaswrittenbyanexpertinmachinecodeandisstoredinthecomputer.编译程序有专家用机器代码编写好，然后储存在计算机中。Twothirdoftheareaarecoveredwithimmenseforestsofpine,spruceandbirch.面积的三分之二由广阔的松林、云杉和白桦林所覆盖。Thecyclistwasknockeddownbyatruck.那个骑车人让一辆卡车撞倒了。Ifthissuggestionisaccepted,itshouldnotbeconsideredasaprecedent.如果此建议被接受，以后不得引以为例。Problemsshouldberesolvedingoodtime.有问题要及时加以解决。Thetranslationtechniqueshouldbepaidenoughattentionto.翻译技巧应予以足够的重视转换句子成分1.把动作发出者译作主语：Thepoetrywaschantedtotheaccompanimentofthelyre.诗歌吟唱是由七弦琴伴奏的.ThecreditsysteminAmericanwasfirstadoptedbyHarvardUniversityin1872.美国的学分制是一八七二年在哈佛大学首先实施的。原句中没有动作发出者，译作无主句：Veryoften,introductionsaremadeusingbothfirstandlastnames.介绍时往往是连名带姓。Helsinkibecameaflourishingport,andauniversityasfoundedatTurku.赫尔辛基变成了一个繁荣的港口，在图尔库还建成了一所大学。补充主语，如“有人、人们、大家、我们”Ifyouareaskedpersonalquestions,youneednotanswerthem.如果有人向你提问有关私事的问题，你尽可不答。Donotbesurprisedifyouareofferedmilk,coffeeorsodawithameal.Betrustedratherthanfeared.宁要人家相信，不要人家害怕。形式主语“it”之后的被动式：Itmaybesafelysaidthat…可以有把握地说Itmustbepointedoutthat…必须指出Itcanbeclearlyseenthat…可以清楚地看到Itisestimatedthat…据估计Ithasbeencalculatedthat…据（人们）计算Ithasbeenreported…据报道Itisfoundthat…有人发现Itwassodecided…就此决定Itwasmadebeyondanydoubtthat…毫无疑问关于“类被动式”FalseActive(or:Quasi-Passive)isalanguagephenomenon,frequentlyseeninEnglish.ItisdifferentfromActiveandalsofromPassive.FalseActivetellsthegapbetweenthesentencestructureandthesentencemeaning,revealingthecomplicationandtheinherentlawofthelanguage.StudyingthedifferencebetweenActiveandFalseActive,betweenPassiveandFalseActivecanhelpusobtainabetterideaoftheoriginalandanaccurateversion.Thematchwouldn’tstrike.(类被动式）那火材划不着。Hewouldn’tstrikethematch.(主动式）他不划那火材。Thepenwritessmoothly.(类被动式）这支书写流畅。Davidwritesagoodhand.(主动式）使用被动式与类被动式时表达的意义不同：Myhousewon’tlet.(类被动式）我的房子租不出去。Myhousewillnotbelet.(被动式）我的房子不出租。Thebookdoesnotsell.(类被动式）这本书销售不出去。Thebookisnotsold.(被动式）这本书尚未出售。Theshirtwashedwell.(类被动式）这衬衣很经洗。Theshirtwaswashedwell.(被动式）这衬衣洗得很干净。补充学习：翻译中概念的引伸1.具体含义的引申Theyhavetheirsmileandtears.他们也有自己的欢乐与悲哀。Everylifehasitsroseandthorns.每个人的生活都有甜又有苦。Duringthewar,hewasanembryosurgeon,andjoinedthemobilemedicalteam.在战争中，他是一个初出茅庐的外科医生，参加了巡回医疗队。Iwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.我不是那种让感情统治理智的人。Hissuccessinthisfieldhaspushedhisforerunners’pointintothebackground.他在这方面的成就使其前辈们的观点黯然失色。抽象概念的引伸：Istheemigrationofintelligencetobecomeanissueasabsorbingastheimmigrationofstrongmuscle?知识分子移居国外是不是会和体力劳动者迁居国内同样构成问题呢？Underthosecondition,allinternationalmoralityorinternationallawsbecomeimpossible.在这种情况下，一切道义和国际公法都失去了作用。Awidevarietyoftoolsareavailablecommercially.从市场上可以买到种类繁多的工具。Thissimpleprocedureisoftenrevealing.做这个简单的事情往往使人们了解许多事情。AllmembersoftheCouncilwillholdthemselvesavailable.安理会各理事国代表要随时准备出席会议。比喻与典故的引伸：I.比喻的译法：A.有些比喻，在英汉间比较相似，可以借用1.Themanisasstubbornasamule.这个人犟得象头牛。2.Helooksuptotheair.他看来大发雷霆。3.I’monlyasmallpotatointhisoffice.在这个办公室，我是个小人物。Importantsentencesinthetext:AsameetingpointinthehistoryofthecountriesofLatinAmerica,Panamaisacountryforgedbyvariousculturesandt