商务英语翻译

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商务英语翻译词汇翻译句法翻译文体与篇章商务英语翻译之句法翻译否定句式比较句式被动句式各种从句句法翻译之四:各类从句(1)主语从句的翻译(subjectclause)(2)宾语从句的翻译(objectclause)(3)表语从句的翻译(predicativeclause)(4)同位语从句的翻译(appositiveclause)(5)状语从句的翻译(adverbialclause)(6)定语从句的翻译(attributiveclause)(1)主语从句的翻译1.以“what”、“whatever”、“whoever”等连接词引导的主语从句,通常置于句首主语的位置,一般可直接按照原文语序进行汉译。Whatyoushouldpayattentiontoisthatclaimmustbemadewithinthetermofvaliditystipulatedinthecontract(generallywithin30daysafterthearrivalofthegoodsatthedestination.)贵方应注意的是,索赔必须在合同所规定的有效期内(即通常在货物到达目的地之后的三十日内)提出。(1)主语从句的翻译2.以“it”为形式主语、将真正的主语从句置于句末主从复合句。翻译时,既可将真正主语置于句首,也可保留于其所处位置。Itisamatterofregretthatwedonothaveastockofsufficientquantitytosupplyyouatpresent.目前,我公司存货不足,无法向你方供货,确实令人遗憾。Ithasalsobeenobservedthatinmanycountriesitisdifficultforaforeigncompanytoobtainnotonlytheimportlicense,butalsodutyrelief.人们也已经注意到,在许多国家,一家外国公司不仅难以获取进口许可证,而且也难以获取关税减免。一般按照宾语从句在原文中所处位置进行翻译Wesincerelyhopethatyoucandosomethingtoadvanceourtimeofshipment,sincetimeofdeliveryisveryimportanttous.既然我方未收到贵方电邮,我方理所当然认为贵方已经提取货物。Sincewehaven’treceivedyouremail,wetakeitforgrantedthatyouhavealreadycollectedyourgoods.我方诚挚希望贵方能将我方货物装运的时间提前,因为交货时间对我方来说非常重要。(2)宾语从句的翻译通常按照英语句子的顺序进行翻译ThequestioniswhetherthegoodsaretoberepackedatBangkoksincethechargesforspecialpackingareexcludedfromourprice.英国一家慈善组织发起了一项号召女性上传素颜自拍照的在线活动。(该活动)旨在通过卸妆,展现出女性真实的一面。AnonlinecampaignwaslaunchedbyacharityorganizationinUK,whichaskedwomentopostselfieswithoutwearingmakeup.Theideabehinditwasthatbyremovingtheirmakeup,thewomenexposedtheirrealselves.现在的问题是,这批货物是否要在曼谷进行重新包装,因为我方价格并不包含特别包装的费用。(3)表语从句的翻译一、先译同位语从句,再译出先行词;二、将先行词译成汉语中的动词,再将从句译成汉语中的主谓结构,充当动词的宾语;三、将“that”译成“即”、“也就是说”,或“:”,表示同前述内容一致。(4)同位语从句的翻译Thefactthatwearethelargestsuppliersofwoolenunderwearinthiscountryisinitselfevidenceofthegoodvalueofourproducts.我们是该国羊毛内衣的最大供货商,这一事实本身就证明了我方产品质量上乘。汉语语序:先时间,后地点;先原因,后结果;先条件,后事实等。因此,翻译时需要符合汉语语言表达习惯。Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoods,aswellastheobligationtobearthecostsrelatingtothegoods,passesfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthesellerhasfulfilledthisobligationtodeliverthegoods.若卖方已履行完毕发货责任,则货物遭到灭失或损毁的风险以及承担与货物相关的所有费用的责任就由卖方转至买方。(5)状语从句的翻译Yourallegationsuggestsnothingbutyourimaginationwhichisgroundlessthatthedamageofthegoodswouldhavebeenattributedtoimproperpackingmethods.Graduatestendtocomparejobopportunitiesbasedontheirimmediateinterests.However,theymissthepointthatmanycompaniesstartgraduateswithentry-levelpositionsforayearortwobeforeofferingbetterrolesandbiggerresponsibilities.练习Idei’sdecisiontodepartayearaheadofscheduleisasignthatthecompanymaybeevenworseoffthanpreviouslythought,thathisgoalofrestoringprofitmarginsto10%by2007isnowbeyondreach.(NobuyukiIdei:出井伸之,索尼集团前任董事会主席和首席执行官)Mr.Jinplayedaleadingroleinovercomingsuspicionsaboutthebank—suchasthat,byofferinglessstringentlendingconditions,itwouldthreatenexistingmultilaterallenders,notablytheWorldBankandtheADB.练习练习Indeed,theISO9000seriesisnowsowellrecognizedithasbecomelikeapassport,theminimumacompanymustshowbeforeclientswillevenconsiderbuyingitsproductsorservices.Ifanychangeisrequiredregardingthetermsandconditionsofthisagreement,thenbothpartiesshallnegotiateinordertofindasuitablesolution,provided,however,thatanychangeofthisagreementshallbesubjecttotheapprovalbythegovernmentofbothparties.一般来说,限制性定语从句由于对主句起着限制作用,并影响着主句的完整性,所以在翻译时,只要译文上口而又不会引起误解,都是可以前置的。但是在实践中,由于汉语中短句的使用比英语更普遍,所以常常将限制性定语从句翻译成与主句并列的句子,而非限制性定语从句一般可以翻译成为并列句或独立句。(6)定语从句的翻译(i)限定性定语从句的翻译(ii)非限定性定语从句的翻译(iii)带有状语功能的定语从句(iv)分离式定语从句的翻译(v)As引导的定语从句(i)限定性定语从句的翻译1.前置法:把英语的限制性定语从句翻译成带“的”字的定语词组,放在被修饰词之前,从而将英语的复句变成汉语的单句。例如:根据损失分摊制度,政府和接管银行管理的实体将分摊各种损失。Undertheloss-sharingsystem,thegovernmentandanentitythatwouldtakeoverthemanagementofthebankwillsharethelosses.在存放电子计算机的房间里,不能有一点灰尘。Intheroomwheretheelectroniccomputeriskept,theremustbenodustatall.(i)限定性定语从句的翻译1.前置法:有房地产市场、外汇市场、劳务市场、短期资金市场等等;任何有价值的东西都可能有个市场。Therearerealestatemarkets,foreignexchangemarkets,labormarkets,short-termcapitalmarket,andsoon;theremaybeamarketforanythingwhichhasaprice.Morethan400technologicalachievementsfrommorethan300businessesandacademicinstitutionsfromhomeandabroadhavebeensubmittedtotheThirdWorldInternetConferenceascandidates.Allthecandidatesarebeingreviewedbyapanelofwell-knownscientists,andtheonesthatwillbeunveiledattheconferencewillhavepassedastrictselectionprocess.来自国内外300多家企业和学术机构的400多项科技成果已提交至第三届世界互联网大会作为参展候选作品。所有候选作品由知名科学家组成的小组进行评审,在大会期间展示的科技成果作品都将是经过严格筛选的。(ii)非限定性定语从句的翻译2.后置法①译成并列分句。在译文中将定语从句后置,重复英语关系代词所代表的含义。例如:二十年来,中国给出了许多优惠条件来吸引跨国公司,如今这些公司在汽车、移动电话和其他商品的市场中处于支配地位。For20years,Chinahasgivenmanybreakstoluremultinationals,whichnowdominatemarketsforcars,cellphones,andothergoods.明天要签订的另一项协议是关于我们双方间的技术合作,我们相信,这项合作会有助于提高我方(本公司)产品的质量。Anotheragreementtobesignedtomorrowwillconcerntechnicalcooperationbetweenus,which,webelieve,canhelptoimprovethequalityofourproducts.(ii)非限定性定语从句的翻译2.后置法②在译文中将定语从句后置,省略英语关系代词所代表的含义。例如:Thecompany'sboardofdirectorsapprovedthesaleagreement,inwhichSamsungwouldselltheentireglobaloperationsandassetsofitsprintingbusinesstoHP,theSouthKoreantechgiantsaidinastatement.韩国科技巨头三星公司在一份声明中指出,其董事会批准了这份出售协议,三星将打印机业务的整个全球运作系统和资产出售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