考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译(1994-2005)

1考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译（2005－1994）2005Text1Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.dewaal'sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers)Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies,Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone,Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.21.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby[A].posingacontrast.[B].justifyinganassumption.[C].makingacomparison.[D].explainingaphenomenon.222.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,paragraphl)impliesthat[A].monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals.[B].resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys'nature.[C].monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother.[D].noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions.23.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare[A].moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget.[B].attentivetoresearchers'instructions.[C].niceinbothappearanceandtemperament.[D].moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys[A].prefergrapestocucumbers.[B].canbetaughttoexchangethings.[C].willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated.[D].areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers.25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?[A].Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.[B].Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.[C].Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.[D].Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.核心词汇：afatpayrise涨得很高的工资vanish（消失，不复存在）Thewonderfulvanishedintothinair.美梦化作泡影Ithoughtitwouldrain,butthecloudshavevanishedandit'safineday.我原以为天要下雨的，可是云消失了，是个好天。［巧记］van=empty空+ish形容词后缀：倾向于。colleague（同事，同僚）Davidisacolleagueofmine.戴维是我的同事［巧记］col=con共同+leag=leg选+ue→共同被选出的。［辨］companion（同伴，共事者）即com一起+pan面包+ion→一起吃面包→谋生的人。Adogisafaithfullcompanyion.狗是忠实的伙伴reputation（名气，名声，名望）amanofgoodreputation名誉很好的人Liveuptoone’sreputation.不负盛名［巧记］re再一，重新+put思考+ation。3slack（懈怠，懒散）slackwork马虎的工作slacklaws不完善的法律Bussinessisslackatthisseason.这一季节生意萧条Thetennisnethungslack.网球的网松悬着［记：谐音］怪物“史莱克”是“懒散”的。outrage（暴行，伤害，激怒）。Anoutrageagainstjustice.对正义的严重损害MembersofParliamentwereoutragedbythenewsofbomboutragesinthecountry.国内发生了炸弹暴力事件的消息引起了国会议员的义愤［巧记］out过度+rage动怒→“出离愤怒了”alltohuman人所特有的→人性underling（潜在的，含蓄的）Thereareunderlyingsimilaritiesbetweenallhumanbeings.人与人之间有内在相似之处Theunderlyingthemeofthenovelisveryserious.小说内在的主题很严肃［巧记］under（下面）＋assumption（假定；承担；呈现）Thetheoryisbasedonaseriesofwrongassumptions.这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为根据的。Theirassumptionthattheirprojectunderwaywassomethingentirelynewprovedtobeuntrue.他们以为他们正在进行的课题是崭新的,事实证明不是那样。［记］assume（假设）grievance/（抱怨，不平，怨愤）tohaveagrievanceagainstsb.抱怨某人Heextravagantcegivehimasenseofgrievance.他的挥霍使他感到不满［巧记］griev=heavy沉重+ance。capuchinmonkey僧帽猴一种原产于美洲的卷尾猴（sapajou），头上有类似风帽的一镞头发good-natured（和蔼的，和善的）又如：mean-natured情绪性的sweet-natured性格温和的creature（人,动物,傀儡,创造物）Shewasapoorcreature.她曾是个可怜的女人。［巧记］creat（创造）＋ure（尾缀）tardily（缓慢）形容词：拖拉的。［记：谐音］邋“遢地”是由于“拖拉”造成的。counterpart（对应的人或物）即counter相反+part部分＝“对应的部分”→对音的人或物。TheRedCrossSocietyofChinaanditsIcelandiccounterpart.中国红十字会和冰岛红十字会Canada’sPrimeMinisteristhecounterpartoftheU.S.president.加拿大总理相当于美国总统。参见2000年Passage4。4candidate（候选人，求职者）Masteralcandidate考研人［巧记］cand白，发光+id+ate→白色的人→候选人。inexchangefor（作为[对…的]交换[或替代]）［巧记］exchange=ex出+change换→换出tok