第一课时如何写好主语•1.主语通常由名词、代词、数词或名词化的形容词充当•Alleffortswillbeinvainifwecan’tlearnEnglishbypracticingrepeatedly.(名词作主语)•如果我们不通过反复练习来学习英语,所有的努力将付之东流。•2.单词作主语时要注意谓语动词的单复数。•(1)使用高级词汇(except,besides,with,aswellas,togetherwith,alongwith等)连接主语。(注意谓语动词一般与前面主语保持一致)•Theteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisitthemuseum.•老师和他的学生们要去参观博物馆。•(2)使用高级量词(quantity,amount等)修饰主语。(注意谓语动词的单复数形式)•①周六早晨,我和祖父母一起在网上查找列车时刻、北戴河的天气以及旅馆信息。(北京书面表达)•On_Saturday_morning,I_togetherwith/as_well_as/along_with_my_grandparents,searched_the_Internet_for_the_train_schedule,the_weather_in_Beidaihe,and_some_hotel_information.•②募集了大量的善款来帮助那些遭受水灾的人们。•→Alargequantityofmoneyhas_been_collected_to_help_those_suffering_from_the_floods.•→Largequantitiesofmoneyhave_been_collected_to_help_those_suffering_from_the_floods.•1.直接位于句首作主语•Inmyopinion,cloningshouldbedealtwithcarefully.•我认为应该慎重对待克隆。•[句式升级]动名词作主语可以使句子更加简练、高级。•Ourschoolforbids(禁止)usstudentstogooutofthecampus(校园草地)andwearestronglyagainstit.Forbiddingusstudentstogooutofthecampushasraisedastormofobjections.•[练一练]WeknowofdifferentculturesbylearningEnglish.Learning_Englishgivesusanaccesstoanexplorationofavarietyofcultures.•2.用it作形式主语•为了避免句子“头重脚轻”,较复杂的动名词短语作主语时,可用it作形式主语,把动名词短语置于句末。•常用句型:It+be+名词或形容词(good,nogood,nouse,fun,pleasure,better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless)+动名词•。•Itisnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.•学而不用无益•就我个人而言,劝他没用,他不会改变主意。•AsfarasI’mconcerned,it’s_no_use_persuadinghim,hewon’tchangehismind.•3.动名词的复合结构作主语•动名词有时可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构,在句中作主语。•Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.•他们来帮忙对我们是一个很大的鼓舞。•1.直接位于句首作主语•Tohaveapositiveattitudeiswisewhenweareletdown(使失望).•当遭遇挫折时,怀有积极的态度是很明智的。•2.用it作形式主语•有时为了避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,放在句首,将作主语的不定式放在句末。•常用句型一:It+be+形容词(interesting,important,hard,difficult/impossible...)forsb.todosth.“做某事对于某人来说……”•Iftheyadjusttheirmindalittle,itisnothardforthemtofindthatlifeisjustaspromisingasbefore.•如果他们对于思路稍加调整,就不难发现生活和以前一样充满阳光。•常用句型二:It+be+形容词(good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right,polite,impolite,rude,brave,stupid,silly,selfish...)+ofsb.todosth.“……能够做……真是……”•It’srudeofhimnottoinviteyoutoattendtheparty.•没有邀请你参加晚会,他很失礼。•常用句型三:It+be+名词(one’sresponsibility,one’shonor,ahardship,apleasure...)todosth.“做……是某人的责任/某人的荣幸/一件艰苦的事情/一件快乐的事情……”•Itisourresponsibilitytolearnadvancedscienceandtechnology(先进的科学技术)tobuildsocialism.•学习先进的科学技术来建设社会主义是我们的责任。•常用句型四:Ittakes(sb.)+时间(金钱)todosth.“做某事花费某人多少时间(金钱)”•Ittookusawholedaytogettothetopofthemountainonfoot.•徒步到达山顶花了我们一整天。•[练一练]翻译句子•①我们不可能按时把这项工作完成。•It_is_impossible_for_us_to_finish_the_work_on_time.•②你帮助我做这项工作,真是太好了。•It’s_very_kind_of_you_to_help_me_with_the_work.•③在这里发言我很荣幸。•It’s_an_honor_to_make_a_speech_here.•3.疑问词(who,what,which,when,where,whether,how)+动词不定式作主语•什么时候动身去上海还没有决定。•WhentoleaveforShanghaihasnotbeendecidedyet.:动词原形不能作主语,可以用动名词或不定式。动名词作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作,尤其是一般行为倾向;不定式作主语表示具体的动作。当动名词短语或不定式短语很长时,可用it作形式主语。•①Readasmuchaspossibleisnecessary.(×)•②Readingasmuchaspossibleisnecessary.(√)•③Itisnecessarytoreadasmuchaspossible.(√)•从句作主语(即主语从句),这种句型属于高级句式,要注意把握句子的正确性;主语从句常使用作形式主语。•常用句型一:It+be+形容词/名词词组/过去分词/现在分词……+主语从句•ItisuncertainwhetherhecancometoJenny’sbirthdaypartyornot.•还不能确定他是否会参加詹妮的生日聚会。•常用句型二:It+不及物动词(seem/appear/happen/occurto...)+主语从句•IthappenedthathewasoutwhenIgotthere.•当我到那儿时,碰巧他不在。•[练一练]翻译句子•①人们通常认为足够的新鲜空气有助于保持健康。•It_is_widely_believed_that_plenty_of_fresh_air_contributes_to_good_health.•②我突然想起做这项工作不是一个挑战而是一个机遇。•It_occurred_to_me_that_it_was_not_a_challenge_but_a_chance_to_do_such_a_job.Ⅰ.基础巩固(写出下列句子的主语)•(1).(2013·安徽卷书面表达)Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommoncausingseriousharmtolifeandtheenvironment.•(2).Hisbeinglatemadehisbossangry.•(3).Toseeistobelieve.•(4).JimandTimworktogethertosolvetheproblem.•(5).(2013·湖南卷书面表达)WhatIcaremostisthewonderfulmemoryofbeingtogetherwithyou.•Ⅱ.能力提升•1.按要求翻译句子•(1)不擅长和别人交流让我感到孤独。(用动名词作主语)•Not_being_good_at_communicating_with_others_made_me_feel_lonely.•(2)老师和朋友们给了我一些建议。(用名词作主语;togetherwith)•My_teacher_together_with_my_friends_gave_me_some_advice.•(3)了解同学们的好恶是基本的。(用不定式作主语;it作形式主语)•It_is_essential_to_learn_about_the_classmates’_likes_and_dislikes.•(4)积极参加在班级中举行的讨论是十分重要的。(用不定式作主语)•To_take_an_active_part_in_the_discussions_held_in_the_class_is_important/of_great_importance.•(5)耐心地倾听别人是件快乐的事情。(用动名词作主语;it作形式主语)•It_is_a_pleasure_listening_to_other_people_patiently.•(6)他们建议我只要有可能就应该学着去帮助别人。(用从句作主语;Itwassuggestedthat...)•ItwassuggestedthatIshouldlearntohelpotherswhennecessary.•(7)随着时间的流逝,同学们正在开始更多地了解我。(用集合名词class作主语)•With_time_going_on,the_class_are_beginning_to_know_me_better.•(8)遵照他们的建议,我已经取得了成功。(用代词作主语)•I_have_made_it_by_following_their_advice.•writing•选用以上句子组建短文介绍自己的人际关系变化thankyou•参考范文•Notbeinggoodatcommunicatingwithothersmademefeellonely.Myteachertogetherwithmyfriendsgavemesomeadvice.Tobeginwith,itisessentialtolearnabouttheclassmates’likesanddislikes.Inaddition,totakeanactivepartinthediscussionsheldintheclassisimportant/ofgreatimportance.What’smore,itisapleasurelisteningtootherpeoplepatiently.Lastbutnotleast,itwassuggestedthatIshouldlearntohelpotherswhennecessary.Asaresult,withtimeg