SouthWestJiaotongUniversity第十一章AT供电系统DepartmentofElectricalEngineering自耦变压器供电方式(AT)Auto-transformer日本铁路为防止通讯干扰,在实行交流电气化的前期,在牵引网中普遍应用了BT供电方式。但当高速、大功率机车在这种电路中通过吸流变压器分段时,在受电弓上会产生强烈电弧,为了克服此缺点,后来发展了一种新的牵引网供电方式—自耦变压器供电方式,AT间隔为10km左右。~220kV主变压器~55kVAT~27.5kVATATATII21CTFPositivefeederDepartmentofElectricalEngineering自耦变压器的工作原理原边和副边共用一部分绕组的变压器称为自耦变压器。可设想为从一台普通双绕组变压器演变而来。1.电压、电流关系其原次边的电压、电流关系与双绕组变压器一样。2.容量关系对于双绕组变压器,原绕组容量就是变压器的输入容量,副绕组容量就是变压器输出容量,都等于变压器的容量。对于自耦变压器,变压器容量与绕组容量不相等。1U2U1E2E1I2IILZAXax12Autotransformer•Astep-downauto-transformer:thevoltageattheinputisthesumofthevoltagesontheserieswindingandthecommonwinding,whilethevoltageattheoutputisjustthevoltageonthecommonwinding.+-+-HVLVHILISENCNSEICI+-SEV+-CVVoltageandCurrentRelationshipinanAutotransformer+-+-HVLVHILISENCNSEICI+-SEV+-CVSECNNSECVVSECIISECNNCLVVSECHVVVSEHIISECLIII+-+-HVLVHILISENCNSEICI+-SEV+-CVSECNNSECVVSECHVVVCCHVVVCSENNCLVVLLLHVVVVCCSECSENNNNNCSECNNNHLVVSECIISECNNSECLIII+-+-HVLVHILISENCNSEICI+-SEV+-CVSESELIIICSENNSEHIIHHHLIIIICCSECSENNNNNCCSENNNHLII•Auto-Transformerfeedingsystem1SECNN21CSECNNNHLVV12CCSENNNHLII+-+-HVLVHILISENCNSEICI+-SEV+-CVHILITheApparentRatingAdvantageofAT•SIOisdefinedtobetheinputandoutputapparentpowersofthetransformer.+-+-HVLVHILISENCNSEICI+-SEV+-CVHHinIVSLLoutIVSIOoutLLLCSECLCCSEHHinSSIVINNNVNNNIVS•However,theapparentpowerinthetransformerwindingsisSESECCWIVIVS+-+-HVLVHILISENCNSEICI+-SEV+-CVCSESEIOCSECCSELLCSECLLLLHLLLHLLCCWNNNSNNNNNIVNNNIVIVIVIVIIVIVS•Therefore,theratiooftheapparentpowerintheprimaryandsecondaryoftheATtotheapparentpoweractuallytravelingthroughitswindingsis•ThisequationdescribestheapparentpowerratingadvantageofanAToveraconventionaltransformer.SECSEWIONNNSS•SIOistheapparentpowerenteringtheprimaryandleavingthesecondaryofthetransformer,whileSWistheapparentpoweractuallytravelingthroughthetransformer’swindings.SECSEWIONNNSS•Forexample,a32MVAATconnectinga55kVsystemtoa27.5kVsystem:•Theturnsratio:115.27555.27SECNNMVAMVANNNSSCSESEIOW165.275.275.2732•TheATwouldhavewindingsratedatonlyabout16MVA,whileaconventionaltransformerdoingthesamejogwouldneedwindingsratedat32MVA.MVAMVANNNSSCSESEIOW165.275.275.2732DepartmentofElectricalEngineeringAT供电方式的特点输入电压是输出电压的2倍,输入电流为输出电流的一半。AT供电方式无需提高牵引网的绝缘水平即可将牵引回路的供电电压提高一倍。可以大大增加牵引变电所的间距,一般可达100km左右,减少牵引变电所的数目。自耦变压器是并联在接触悬挂和正馈线之间的,提高了供电可靠性。~220kV主变压器~55kVAT~27.5kVATATATII21CTFPositivefeederI21DepartmentofElectricalEngineeringAT供电方式有效地减弱对通信线的感应影响。大部分回流沿正馈线流回牵引变电所,减小了地中电流。同时,接触网中的电流与正馈线的电流大小相同,方向相反,两者的交变磁场可以相互抵消。因此,AT供电的防干扰性能十分理想。IAT1AT2TRFn1n2n1n2I21I21DepartmentofElectricalEngineering§11.2单线AT网络假设:忽略自耦变压器漏抗,即认为ZAT=0;假设钢轨对地漏导为零,即不考虑短回路的地中电流;假设接触网、正馈线关于钢轨对称布置,而且接触网、正馈线自阻抗相当,即ZC=ZF,ZCT=ZFT。DepartmentofElectricalEngineering一般除了接触悬挂和正馈线之外,还加挂一根保护线(PW)接触线承力索钢轨25kV-25kV50kV保护线正馈线DepartmentofElectricalEngineering工频单相电气化铁道的牵引供电方式供电方式DFDNBTAT供电臂(km)25~30302045~50牵引网阻抗(Ω/km)0.6~0.650.5~0.550.85~0.90.16~0.2牵引网结构由接触悬挂、钢轨组成。最简单由接触悬挂、钢轨和回流线组成由接触悬挂、钢轨、NF和吸流变压器组成由接触悬挂、钢轨、正馈线、自耦变压器和保护线。最复杂牵引网电压水平较好良好较差最好牵引网电能损失(%)5%4~5%7~8%2~3%防干扰特性最差较差良好良好维护管理最少较少较多最多牵引网造价最少较少较大最大