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Winterhasalreadycome，willitstillbefarinspring?冬天已经来了，春天还会远吗？present(now)futurepastPresentPerfectTense现在完成时主语+have/has+过去分词（pp）助动词表示“有”现在完成时的结构Winterhasalreadycome，willitstillbefarinspring?Mother:Dearson,cleanyourteethplease.Son:Mum,Ihavealready(已经)cleanedthem.Mother:Dear,tellyourfathertohavebreakfastplease.Son:Mum,dadhashadbreakfast.Father:Tellyourmothertobuysomemilk,son.Son:Oh,shehasjust(刚刚)boughtsome.Mother:Dear,youmustcleanourhousetoday?Father:Honey,wehavejust(刚刚)cleanedourhouse.主语+have/has+过去分词（pp）否定形式haven’t(havenot）+过去分词hasn’t(hasnot)+过去分词疑问句把助动词have/has放在句首现在完成时的结构注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用hasYouhaveplantedallthetrees.Ihaveplantedallthetrees.He/shehasplantedallthetrees.Theyhaveplantedallthetrees.区别have和has的用法主语若是第三人称单数助动词用has1、规则变化（过去分词与过去时变化规则一样）(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---workedvisit---visited---visited(2)、以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live---lived过去分词(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将“y”变为“i”，再加“ed”。，study---studied---studiedcry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stoppeddrop---dropped--dropped2、不规则变化（过去分词与不规则动词的过去式形式一样）have—had—hadspend—spent—spentmake—made—madensay—said—saidfind—found—foundhear—heard—heard3、不规则变化（过去分词与过去式形式不一样）take—took—takenspeak—spoke—spokensing—sang—sungdrive—drove—drivenbe—was/were—beengo—went—gone4、不规则变化（过去分词，过去式与动词原形一样）cut—cut—cutput—put—putlet—let—letread—read—read1)表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。Nowwehaveplantedallthetrees.Hehasjustcomeback.Theyhavebuiltmanybuildingsinthiscity.现在完成时的用法2)表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗户现在是坏的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我现在没有钥匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet.(不了解书的内容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.(手是干净的)常与already(已经),yet(已经),just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用.already:常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否定句,疑问句尾.3)表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewasborn.HashelivedinShenzhenfor4years?常与for,since引导的时间短语或从句连用.for+时间段since+时间点,since+句子注：并非所有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我现在已经不在这里工作了)Ihaveworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.（现在我仍在这里工作）since:(自…以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5o’clock.2)since+时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for:(长达）for+时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:Takenotes用for或since填空1.Mr.BrownhashadhisTV______15years.2.I’vetakendrivinglessons_______lastmonth.3.Mysisterhashadhercellphone______amonth.4.Myfriendshaven’tvisitedme______mybirthday.5.Wehaven’tusedourcar_____alongtime.6.Shehasn’thadagoodcupofcoffee_____years.7.Tomhaswornglasses_______hewas7yearsold.forsinceforsinceforforsince注意:瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.瞬间动词joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/come··········method1:动作状态diebeoverleaveborrow/buyarrivebeginend/finishjoinmarrykeep/hadbeawaybeherebeon(上演）bemarriedbeinbedead1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。2.Nick参军3年了.3.他离开深圳好长时间了。4.这本书我已借了4个月了.Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfor2years.Nickhasbeeninthearmyfor3years.HehasbeenawayfromShenzhenforalongtime.Ihavekeptthebookfor4months.method2:Itis+时间段since+一般过去时的句子.1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。2.Nick参军3年了.3.他离开深圳好长时间了。4.这本书我已借了4个月了.Itis2yearssincehisgrandpadied.Itis3yearssinceNickjoinedthearmy.ItisalongtimesinceheleftShenzhen.Itis4monthssinceIborrowedthebook.辨析havebeento和havegonetoMyfatherhasgonetoShanghaiforameeting.他（已经）去了上海。MyfatherhasbeentoShanghaiforameeting.他（曾经）去了上海。ShehasbeentoChina.她（曾经）去过中国。（人已经回来了）havebeentosomeplace.曾经去过某地，已经回来．hasgonetosomeplace.某人去了某地，还没有回来．ShehasgonetoChinalastweek.上周她去了上海。（人可能回来了也可能没回来）用have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto填空：1.—Whereisyourbrother?—He____________theshop.He’llbebacksoon.2.—______youever_________toAmerica?—Yes,I___________NewYorktwice.3.—Hereyouareatlast!Where_____you_____?—I_____________London.4.—David_____________Australia.—I’msurehe’salreadyarrived.5.—IsBennyhere?—No,he__________theschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.hasgonetoHavebeentohavebeentohavebeenhavebeentohasgonetohasgoneto