定语从句的写作与训练

根据所掌握的定语从句的知识，熟练地使用定语从句也是英语写作的一项基本要求。定语从句属于较为复杂的语法结构，根据内容要点在短文中适当地运用定语从句有助于提高写作的得分。一、that,which引导定语从句当先行词为物时常用that或which来引导定语从句，很多情况下两者可以互换。Ourclassisabigfamilythat/whichconsistsof12girlsand50boys.我们班是一个拥有12个女生和50个男生的大家庭。[点津]that和which在从句中作宾语时可以省略。Tomakeoursocietymoreharmonious,we'dbettertakecareoftheenvironment(that/which)welivein.为了使我们的社会更加和谐，我们最好爱护我们所居住的环境。二、who,whom,whose引导定语从句当先行词为人时常用who,whom引导，也可用that。如果从句中缺少的是主语那么就用who引导；如果缺少的是宾语可用whom，也可以用who引导，关系代词也可以省略。whose在从句中作定语，既可以指人，也可以指物。ThosewhowouldliketotakepartmaysignupintheStudents'UnionOfficebeforeOctober20th.(作主语)凡想参加的(同学)可以在十月二十日前到学生会办公室报名。Isthatthemanwhomyoureferredto?(作宾语)那就是你所指的人吗？LastSunday,Iorganizedasurveyinmyneighborhood,whosetopicis“Whichsafetyproblemistheoneyouaremostconcernedabout”.(作定语)上周日，我在我的社区进行了一次社会调查，其主题内容是“你最关注的安全问题是什么”。三、as引导定语从句as指人或物，作主语、宾语或表语。as引导定语从句时常用在thesame...as,such...as结构中。IwanttobuythesameTshirtasTomiswearing.我想买一件和汤姆穿的一样的T恤衫。[点津]as和which还可以引导非限制性定语从句，来修饰整个句子。Aswecansee,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometown.正如我们所看到的，我们家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。LiMinggotuplatethismorning,whichmadeitimpossibleforhimtocatchtheearlybus.李明今天早上起晚了，这使他不可能赶上早班车了。四、when引导定语从句when指时间，作状语。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.我将永远不会忘记我参军的那一天。[点津]当表示时间的先行词在从句中不是作状语，而是作主语、宾语或表语时，必须用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，而不用when。Thefilmremindedmeofthosemiserabledays(that/which)Ispentinmychildhood.这部电影使我想起了我童年时代度过的那些苦难日子。五、where引导定语从句where指地点，作状语。Asachild,heusedtoworkhardandhelphisfatheronthesmallfarmwheretheylived.当他还是一个小孩的时候，他经常艰苦地劳动，并帮助他的父亲在他们所生活的小农场上干活。[点津]当表示地点的先行词在从句中不是作状语，而是作主语、宾语或表语时，必须用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，而不用where。Thisisabeautifulplace(that/which)peopleallovertheworldlookforwardtovisiting.这是一个世界各地的人都渴望参观的美丽的地方。六、why引导定语从句why指原因，作状语。Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。ThereasonwhyTomdidn'tcometoschoolyesterdaywasthathewasill.汤姆昨天没来学校的原因是他生病了。Ⅰ.合并句子把下面各题中的句子合并为一个含有定语从句的主从复合句1．a.Seeingthesechanges,wecannotforgetthem.b.Theygaveusunselfishhelpwhenwewereintrouble.__________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Seeingthesechanges,wecannotforgetthosewhogaveusunselfishhelpwhenwewereintrouble.2．a.Ifeelgreatlyhonoredtohostthecontest.b.ThecontestissponsoredbytheStudents'Union.________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Ifeelgreatlyhonoredtohostthecontest,whichissponsoredbytheStudents'Union.3．a.Theysenttheelderlysomefruits,cleanedtheroomsandhadagoodchatwiththem.b.Theelderlyalwaysfeellonely.__________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Theysenttheelderlywhoalwaysfeellonelysomefruits,cleanedtheroomsandhadagoodchatwiththem.4．a.Thelibraryisnotfarfromhere.b.Thewriteroftendoessomereadingthere.__________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Thelibrarywherethewriteroftendoessomereadingisnotfarfromhere.5．a.I‘vealwayslongedforthedays.b.Iwillbeabletobeindependentthen.________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：I'vealwayslongedforthedayswhenIwillbeabletobeindependent.Ⅱ.翻译句子用定语从句翻译下列句子1．不努力学习的学生不会通过考试。________________________________________________答案：Thestudentswhodon'tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.2．她上周买的房子非常好看。________________________________________________答案：Thehouse,whichsheboughtlastweek,isverynice.3．这就是他爸爸工作的地方。_________________________________________________答案：Thisistheplacewherehisfatherworks.4．你们已经取得了很大的进步，这使老师非常高兴。_________________________________________________答案：Youhavemadegreatprogress,whichmakesyourteacherveryhappy.5．众所周知，吸烟有害健康。________________________________________________答案：Asisknowntousall,smokingisharmfultoourhealth.6．北京是中国的首都，它是一座美丽的城市。________________________________________________答案：Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcity.7．鲁迅的原名(realname)是周树人。他一生中写了很多小说。__________________________________________________答案：LuXun,whoserealnameisZhouShuren,wrotemanynovelsinhiswholelife.8．杰克来自加拿大，他在我们学校已经学习了三年。他不仅经常帮助我们学英语，而且中文也讲的很不错。__________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：JackcomesfromCanada.Heisastudentofourschoolwherehehasstudiedforthreeyears.NotonlydoesheoftenhelpuslearnEnglishbuthespeaksChinesefluentlyaswell.