社会创新与社会组织发展

社会创新与社会组织发展SocialInnovationandDevelopmentofNGOs王名WangMing2008.12.4要点Outline社会改革和社会创新面临的问题Theproblemsfacedbysocialreformandsocialinnovation社会组织的发展过程和发展趋势ThedevelopmenthistoryandtrendofNGOs社会改革和社会创新面临的问题Theproblemsfacedbysocialreformandsocialinnovation社会改革的必然性Inevitabilityofsocialreform社会创新的基本命题Basicpropositionsofsocialinnovation社会改革和社会创新面临的难题Difficultiesinsocialreformandsocialinnovation1.1社会改革的必然性InevitabilityofSocialReform政治改革经济改革社会改革SocialreformPoliticalreformEconomicreform社会改革Socialreform1.2社会创新的基本命题BasicPropositionsofSocialInnovation•革旧的社会管理体制之命•革旧的社会组织形式之命•革旧的社会资本形态之命破旧•与市场经济的发展相适应•与政治改革的方向相适应•与公民社会的需要相适应立新•单位体制瓦解•Disintegrationoforganizationsystem•事业单位改革•Reformofpublicinstitutions•社会团体改革•Reformofsocialorganizations•人民团体改革•Reformofpeople’sgroups•后门关系失灵•Failureofbackdoorpractices•社会诚信丧失•Lossofsocialcreditability•社会重组•Socialreconstruction•社会组织发育•DevelopmentofNGOs•社区建设•Communitybuilding•公民参与•CitizensparticipationAbolishtheoldEstablishthenewAbolishtheoldsystemofsocialgovernanceAbolishtheoldmodeofsocialorganizationAbolishtheoldformofsocialcapitalAdapttothedevelopmentofmarketeconomyAdapttotheorientationofpoliticalreformAdapttotheneedsofcivilsociety1.3社会改革和社会创新面临的难题DifficultiesinSocialReformandInnovation破旧之难立新之难创新之难旧体制已适应市场经济Theoldsystemhasalreadyadaptedtothemarketeconomy适应市场经济的旧体制处于寡头垄断地位Theoldsystemthathasadaptedtothemarketeconomyholdsanoligarchicposition旧而不破Itisoldbuthardtobeabolished;新而不立Itisnewbuthardtobeestablished;新溶于旧Thenewthenmixeswiththeold;新而无创HencenoinnovationismadeDifficultiesinabolishingtheoldDifficultiesinestablishingthenewDifficultiesininnovation社会组织的发展过程和发展趋势DevelopmentProcessandTrendofNGOs社会组织的界定与公民社会的含义ThedefinitionofNGOandmeaningsofcivilsociety中国社会组织的发展历程ThedevelopmenthistoryofChineseNGOs中国民间组织发育和发展的社会基础ThesocialbasisforthegrowthanddevelopmentofChineseNGOs中国走向公民社会的发展道路ThedevelopmentpathofChinatowardcivilsociety一.社会组织的界定与公民社会的含义1.ThedefinitionofNGOandMeaningsofCivilSociety社会组织定义ThedefinitionofNGO社会组织概念图示IllustrationoftheconceptofNGO社会组织基本属性BasicpropertiesofNGO社会组织一般分类GeneralclassificationofNGO公民社会含义Meaningsofcivilsociety社会组织定义TheDefinitionofNGO概称在社会转型过程中由各个不同社会阶层的公民自发成立的、在一定程度上具有非营利性、非政府性和社会性特征的各种组织形式及其网络形态。这些组织中通常包括各种冠以“学会”、“研究会”、“协会”、“商会”、“促进会”、“联合会”等名称的会员制组织，以及包括基金会和各种民办学校、民办医院、民办社会福利设施等各类公益服务实体在内的非会员制组织。NGOreferstovariousorganizationformsandtheirnetworkswhichareestablishedbyvarioussocialclassesandarenon-profit,non-governmentalandsocialtosomeextent.Theyincludethemembershiporganizationswhicharetitledsociety,academy,association,chamberofcommerce,promotioncouncilorfederationandnon-membershiporganizationssuchasfoundations,privateschools,privatehospitalsandprivatesocialwelfarefacilities,etc.社会组织概念图示IllustrationoftheConceptofNGOStateMarketSocietyNGOinthebroadsense1Including:GrassrootscommunityorganizationsRuralprofessionalcooperativesRegisteredNPCsForeignNGCsinChinaNGOinthebroadsense2Including:people’sgroupspublicinstitutionsNGOinthebroadsense3Including:SocialEnterprisesNGOinthenarrowsenseIncluding:socialgroupsFoundationsPrivatenon-enterpriseorganizationsChamberofcommerce社会组织基本属性BasicPropertiesofNGO非营利性Non-profit不分配约束：不得从财产及运作中获得利益；Non-distribution:obtainingnobenefitfromassetsandoperation;非牟利控制：具备有效规避较高风险与较高回报的自我控制机制；Non-profit:havingself-regulatorymechanismwhichcanavoidrelativelyhighrisksandgainrelativelyhighreturnseffectively;财产保全限制：不得以捐赠以外的其它方式变更财产及其产权结构。Assetpreservation:prohibitedfrommodifyingtheassetsandownershipstructurebyothermeansthandonation.非政府性Non-governmental自主、自治和独立性，是自主决策、自治管理的独立实体；Self-determined,self-governedandindependent:theyareindependententitiesenjoyingindependentdecision-makingpowerandautonomousgovernance.民主、公开和社会性，是民主治理、公开透明的开放组织；Democracy,opennessandsociality:theyareopen,transparentanddemocraticallygovernedorganizations.非垄断的市场竞争性，是追求核心竞争力、在市场中优胜劣汰的实力组织。Non-monopolisticmarketcompetitiveness:theyareorganizationspursuingcorecompetitivenessandsubjecttothemarketruleof“survivalofthebest”.社会性Sociality资源的社会性，资源主要来自社会，包括募捐、接受捐赠、申请资助、收取会费等社会资源，以及志愿者等人力资源；Socialityofresources:theirresources,includingsuchhumanresourcesasvolunteers,derivemainlyfromsocietybywayofsolicitingdonations,acceptingdonations,applyingforfunding,collectingmembershipfees,etc.产出的社会性，提供的产品或服务具有较强的利他或公益导向，其受益对象或是不特定多数的社会成员，或是社会上的弱势群体或边缘群体；Socialityofoutput:theirproductsorservicesarealtruisticandnon-profittoaveryhighdegree;theirbeneficiariesareeitherdisadvantagedgroupsorvulnerablegroups.问责的社会性，在其运作管理的过程中要受到来自社会及公共部门的问责与监督。Socialityofaccountability:theiroperationandmanagementshallbesubjecttoaccountabilityandthesupervisionofsocietyandthepublicsector.社会组织一般分类GeneralClassificationofNGO三大类别ThreeTypes社会团体：会员制组织，以人及其社会关系为基础；SocialGroups:membershiporganizationsbasedonpeopleandtheirsocialrelations;基金会：非会员制组织，以捐赠及公益财产关系为基础；Foundations:non-membershiporganizationsbasedondonationandpublicassetrelationship;民办非企业单位：实体服务机构，直接提供各类社会服务。Privatenon-enterpriseorganizations:entityserviceorganizationsprovidingvarioussocialservicesdirectly.最新分类及其含义LatestClassificationand