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122010133-44,3,,,1.(eventstructure),(linkingtheory),,,,(delimitation),(telicity),,()VP,,33:(theme)(experiencer),,ThesnakefrightenedJohnalot(2007:166-7),,,2.,2.1(aspect),:,,(lexicalaspect),aktionsartSmith(1991:146)(situationalaspect),,Vendler(1967)Vendler(1967:97121),,:(1)a.:[-,+,+,-]b.:[-,+,+,+]c.:[+,-,-,-]d.:[+,+,-,-]knowrundiebuildVendler(1967)(Verkuyl1972;Bach1986;Smith1991),,Vendler(1967),/(Verkuyl1972;Krifka1998;Rothstein2004),/VPVP,VPPVP,/,Verkuyl(1972:96,1993:1423),VP[+SQA]Krifka(1998:211),,P,Pxy,P,Rothstein(2004:9),(S2cumulativity),P43/,bounded/non2boundeddistinction(Verkuyl1972;Jackendoff1990),culminating/non2culminatingdistinction(MoensandSteedman1988),delimited/non2delimiteddistinction(Tenny1987,1994)(cumulativity,Krifka1998)//(mass2countdistinction),xyPKrifka(1998:2139),,eX,eRothstein(2004:8),,runtoParis,,runtoParisRothstein(2004:1578),(atomicity)VP,,VPMaryran,runningrunning,,Rothstein(2004:174),VP,VP,/()(),Reichenbach(1947:28898),,,,Reichenbach(1947),Smith(1991:146),,Liao(2004:33)Reichenbach(1947)Smith(1991),,,,Smith(1991);,Smith(1991);Reichenbach(1947),Liao(2004)Grimshaw(1990),,Grimshaw(1990:2230),,,,Grimshaw(1990),frighten,,Grimshaw(1990),Tenny(1994)Tenny(1994:1137),,5320101,,2.2,Freed(1979:30),,,:(2)++++Freed(1979),,,Heiseatingsugar,Freed,(2)2.3Freed(1979),vanVoorst(1988),vanVoorst(1988:10),,,vanVoorst(1988):(3)vanVoorst(1988:278),,:(4),,(3),:(5)vanVoorst(1988),Freed(1979),,63(4)finddiscovernotice,,2.4Vendler,,(agency),,,Dowty(1979:1225),Vendler(1967)(),(operator)(connective),(6a)(6b):(6)a.JohnkilledBill.b.[[JohnDIDsomething]CAUSE[BECOME[Billisalive]]]RappaportLevin(1998:10811)(eventtemplates),(constants),:(7)a.[xCAUSE[BECOME[ySTATE]]]b.[[xACTMANNER]CAUSE[BECOME[ySTATE]]]RappaportLevin(1998:111),Philsweptthefloorclean(augmentation):(8)a.Philsweptthefloorclean.b.[[PhilACTSWEEPfloor]CAUSE[BECOME[floorCLEAN]]],CAUSEsweep,,sweepPustejovsky(1991:64)(lexicalconceptualstructure,LCS)Pustejovsky(1991:56),Vendler(1967)Pustejovsky(1991:57)ESLCSJohnhammeredthemetalflat,:(9)a.Maryhammeredthemetalflat.b.ES:TPhammerMarythemetal[hammer(m,the2metal)]LCS:LCS:cause(act(m,themetal),become([flat(the2metal))]BYhammer)P,Tflat[flat(x)]7320101,hammer,flat2.53.3.1,196070,McCawley(1968)McCawley(1968),CAUSEBECOMENOT(primitivepredicates),kill:(10)[[S[SCAUSEBECOMENOTALIVE]xy]]3.2,Sportiche(1988)VP,VP,VP,,,VPVPVP(shellstructure),Larson(1988:342)VPVP1VP2,VP1,,:(11)[VP1Agent[V1V1[VP2Theme[V2V2[PPPGoal]]]]](11)VPVPLarsonHaleKeyser(1993)HaleKeyser(1993)(l2syntax)(s2syntax),(12a)(12b):83,,Croft(1991)Talmy(2000)(macro2event)-(force2dynamics),,(2003:39-42)(2004:31-4),:[IPSpec[II[VPNP1[VVNP2]]]](12)a.Johnshelvedthebooks.b.[VP1NP(John)[V1V1(shelvei)[VP2NP(thebooks)[V2V2(ti)[PPP(ti)[NPN(ti)]]]]]],shelveNPVNshelfPonVP1,VP2VP2BECOME,HaleKeyser(1993)VPLarson(1988),3.33.3.1Larson(1988)HaleKeyser(1993)(Chomsky1995;Radford1997),vP:(13)[VPDP1[vVi2v[VPDP2[VtiDP3]]]]vP,VPvP,v,,VPVv[V2v]Spec2vPvRadford(1997:198222),,,v,/Huang(1997)Lin(2001),Lin(2001:287),Lin(2001:4345),,,Lin(2004:32)vDOvvBEDOBECOMEBE(root),:(14)a.Johnbrokethewindow.b.[voicePDP(John)[voice[vDOPvDO(+DYN;2INCHO)[vPDP(thewindow)[v(+DYN;+INCHO)[vBE(2DYN)break]]]]]](14b)[+/2DYN][+/2INCHO]9320101,:a.()b.()c.()d.()(14b),breakvDObreak3.3.2,,,,:(),3.3.2.1,,,,,Folli(2002)Folli(2002:43):(15)[vPobject2of2cause[vCause[VPobject2of2process[VProcess[RvPobject2of2result[RvResultXP]]]]]],vP,VP,RvPRitterRosen(2000)vanHout(2000,2004)RitterRosen(2000:1878,198),,(),FP2initiationFP2delimitation,AgrSAgrO,AgrSAgrO:(16)[FP2initiation(=Agr2sP)Spec[FF[TPSpec[TT[FP2delimitation(=Agr2oP)Spec[FF[VPSUBJ[VVOBJ]]]]]]]]vanHout(2000:260,2004:67),AgrSPAgrOPAgrOP,VP,Borer04vanHout(2004:67):[AgrSPDPi[AgrSAgrS[AgrOPDPj[AgrOAgrO[VPtitj]]]]](1998:63):(17)[TPSpec[TT[AspPPSub.2of2process[AspPAspP[AspEPSub.2of2result[AspEAspE[VP]]]]]]],AspEPAspPP,AspEP,,AspEP,Spec,AspPP,SpecDP3.3.2.2AspPPBorer(2005b),ASPQMAXASPQMAX//Borer(2005a:306),Flu(eF),Borer(2005b:85)EP(eventphrase),eEEP,:(18)[EPSpec[eEeE[TMAXSpec[TT[ASPQMAXSpec2[e2#e2#[VP]]]]]]]AnnaoriginatorAnnaNOMthebookQ2is2o2qreadquantitypredicate(18),ASPQMAX,ASPQMAXe2#,,spec2head[Spec,ASPQMAX]DP[ASPQe2#],[ASPQe2#],ASPQMAXSpec,(subject2of2quantity/s2o2q),ASPQ0EP[Spec,TP]T,,,[Spec,EP]eEEPEPvanHout(2000,2004),Borer(2005b:105)DP///Borer(2005b:107),,DPBorer(2005b:10810),ASPQ1420101luF:(T)f2morph(will)FsP,SpecDP,:(19)[EPSpec[eEeE[TMAXSpec[TT[FsPSpec2[F2F2[VP]]]]]]]KimNOMKimNOM[DP(the)cart]PRTpushdefaultparticipantBorer(2005b:110),NP(19),ASPQ,,[ASPQe#]VP,AspLiao(2004:33),(Asp2)(Asp1)1,,2,lv(Liao2004:6074)3.4,Spec,,4.,,,,????,(stage2level)(individual2level)Bach,E.1986.Thealgebraofevents.LinguisticsandPhilosophy9,5-16.Borer,H.1998.Passivewithoutthetagrids.InS.G.Lapointe,D.K.Brentari,andP.M.Farrel,eds.,MorphologicalInterfaces.Stanford,CA:CSLI.Pp.60-99..2005a.StructuringSense.Vol.1.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress..2005b.StructuringSense.Vol.2.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.Chomsky,N.1995.TheMinimalist