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Unit5NelsonMandela语言知识点与运用Heoftenhelpsmewithmyhousework.=Heoftenhelpsme(to)dothehousework.can’thelpdoing情不自禁地,忍不住can’thelpbutdo不得不Shecouldn’thelplaughingatthewords.Wecan’thelpbutstudyhard.1.helpsb.withsth.=helpsb.(to)dosth.2.loseheart灰心,丧失信心,气馁Hefailedintheexam,buthedidn'tloseheart.Don'tloseheart.You'llbesuccessfulsoonerorlater.loseone’sheartto爱上;十分喜欢Brucehaslosthishearttoagirlworkinginacottonmill.类似:loseone’shead失去理智;惊慌失措loseone’sbreath上气不接下气Whenthefirebrokeoutinthemovies,thepeoplelosttheirheadsandraninalldirections.Helosthisbreathinrunning.Hehasgotinto/isintrouble.Wemusthelphim.3.beintrouble有麻烦，处于不幸中补充:maketrouble制造麻烦putsb.totrouble给某人添麻烦havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困难taketroubletodosth.费心做某事4.diefor为某种事业或目的而死dieforone’scountry/thepeople/thecause.dieof死于内因diefrom死于外因diefromacaraccident.由于车祸而死dieby死于暴力,刀或剑等凶器diebythesword/hanging.bedyingfor极想得到...Sheisdyingforacupofwater.diethroughcarelessness因过失而死die…down凋落,消失dieaway消失（渐渐远去）Thesounddiedaway.声音渐渐远去。dieout绝种Thiskindofanimalisdyingout.Hewon’tgiveuptheexperimentevenifhehasfailedmanytimes.Hisfatherhasgivenupsmoking.Thisisagoodidea.Youshouldn’tgiveitup.Shegaveupherjobtolookafterhermother．5.giveup+n./pron/v-ing只能接动名词作宾语的动词avoid,consider,dislike,enjoy,excuse,finish,imagine,mind,miss,suggest,stop,feellike,giveup,can’thelp,can’tstandDonottalk(in)thatway.(In)thisway,youcanrememberthespelling.Don’tstandinthe/myway.Heisbetterinsomeway(s).Hepickedapenonthewaytoschool.6.inapeacefulway以和平的方式那样这样碍事在某些方面在往…的路上7.fightagainst/for/withThesoldiersfoughtbravely_______theenemy___theliberation____theircomrades.againstforwith8.putsb.in(into)prison把……关进监狱besenttoprison(被送进监狱)beinprison(在监狱里)bethrownintoprison(被投入监狱)breakprison(越狱)prison表示蹲监狱时,其前不用冠词throwsb.intoprison=send/takesb.toprisonHehadbeeninprisonfor20years.Themanwasputinprisonforstealingacar.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbethrownintoprison.Theyallwenttotheprisontovisittheprisoners.类似:bed,church,class,college,hospital,school,university,market9.be…away有…远(指距离、时间)1)我家离这里只有两条街。Myhouseisonly2blocksawayfromhere.2)他的生日在两周以后。Hisbirthdayistwoweeksaway.intwoweeks.1)她整天往外跑你不担心吗？Doesn’titworryyouthatshespendssomuchtimeawayfromhome?2)不要发愁。Don’tworryyourself.10.worryvt.worrysb.that使某人担心worryoneself使自己担心worryvi.worryabout=beworriedabout担心worryoversth.因某事担心1)他担心考试不及格？Heworriedthathewouldfailtheexam.2)因为担心孩子的病，她瘦了。Shelostweightbecausesheworriedaboutherson’sillness.1)I’mworried______herdrivingthecartonightonthewetroad.A.ofB.aboutC.onD.at2)Hisdangerousdrivingalways_______me.A.worryaboutB.worriesaboutC.worriedaboutD.worries11.beoutofwork/job=loseone’sjob=beunemployed失业,没有工作Hismotherhasbeenoutofworkforhalfayear.inwork有工作Isherhusbandinwork?outof意为“在…之外”,“向…外”;表示失去,没有,用完;不再处于某种状况。反义词为into或in。①Thelittleboyranoutoftheroom.②Hetookmybooksoutofmyschoolbag.③Don’trunintotheroom.④Canyouputyourraincoatinyourpocket?outofbreath上气不接下气outofpatience不耐烦outofpetrol汽油用完了outofuse没用了outoforder出故障了outofcontrol失控了outofdanger脱离危险了outofsight看不见了outoffashion不时兴outofdate过时outofrepair无法修葺Outofsight,outofmind.眼不见,心不烦。12.as…as+主语+can/could尽可能,尽量=as…as+possibleHewasrunningasfastashecould.=Hewasrunningasfastaspossible.YoumustspeakEnglishasoftenasyoucan.=YoumustspeakEnglish_________________.asoftenaspossibleTheydidtheexperimentascarefullyastheycould.=Theydidtheexperiment___________________.Trytomakeasfewmistakesasyoucan.=Trytomake_______________________.ascarefullyaspossibleasfewmistakesaspossible某些动词(see,find,witness等)主语有时不是人而是物,即拟人用法,使句子生动。1)Thisoldhousehasseengooddays.2)Dusk(黄昏)foundaboycryinginthestreet.13.Thelast30yearshaveseenthegreatestnumberof…3)Oct1,1949,saw/witnessedthefoundationofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.14.either...or...(两者之中)…或…(之一)Youmaystayeitherinahotelorinaprivatehouse.IwanttovisiteitherParisorLondon.EitheryouorIamwrong.Eitheroftheboyslikessinging.EitherdayisOK.neither…nor…Hehasneithermoneynorsocialposition.Neitherparentcareswhathappenstothechild.Neitheroftheboyslikestoplaysuchagame.both…and…BothheandIarewrong.Bothoftheboyslikesinging.①accept(接受)表示主观上乐意接受。receive(收到,得到),表示客观收到,还不能断定是否接受。Ireceivedhisletterofinvitation,butIdidn'tacceptit.15.accept与receive的区别：②accept还表示“答应”、“同意”、Heaskedhertomarryhimandsheaccepted.③receive还表示“接待”、“接收”、“欢迎”Shewasreceivedintotheclub.---Haveyou_____theinvitationtotheparty?---Yes,Ihave.AndI've________it.A.accepted,receivedB.received,acceptedC.received,receivedD.accepted,acceptedIfyoudothat,you'llgoagainstyourparents’wishes.Hisopinionisgoingagainstus.Thegameisgoingagainstthem.Theyaregoingagainstourwishes.Itgoesagainstmyprinciples.这违反我的原则。breakthelaw=goagainstthelaw16.goagainst违背,违反;不利于17.betodosth.应该做某事1.表示计划或安排做某事TheyaretogotravellinginAugust.Wearetobegintheworknextweek.ThetrainforWuhanistostartat12:20.2.用于第二人称时,常含有转达别人指示的意思You’retogototheteachers’officeafterschool.Mothersaysyouaretowaitheretillshecomes.3.用于第三人称时,通常表示命令或指示“Theroomistobelocked”.Themanagersaid.She’stobebackbeforeten.18.advise1).advisesb.onsth.就…给某人出主意/提出劝告=givesb.adviceonIhaveadvisedyouonthatmatter.TheteacheradvisedmeonhowtolearnEnglishwell.2).advise+n./pron.Thedoctoradvi