名词unit1Grammar01名词的定义和种类02名词的数03名词的所有格04常考名词辨析名词学习目标掌握名词的种类掌握名词的所有格掌握常考名词的用法掌握名词的数名词的定义和种类Part11.1语法攻略名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。名词的定义1.2语法攻略按照意义划分,名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。名词的种类1.2.1语法攻略个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写专有名词专有名词:表示地名theGreatWallBeijingChinaJohnandProfessorWhitePeterandKateMissGuo请在此处编辑您的内容请在此处编辑您的内容请在此处编辑您的内容请在此处编辑您的内容请在此处编辑您的内容专有名词:表示人名JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMay…SundayMondayTuesday专有名词:星期、月份、日期等。西方节日SpringFestivalMid-autumnDayNationalDay专有名词:中外节日中国节日ChristmasDayEaster(复活节)SaintValentine’sDay(情人节)1.2.2语法攻略许多人或事物的共有名称。如:pupil,family,man,foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。普通名词名词的数Part22.1语法攻略可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如:box,child,orange;•可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词flowerflowerswatchwatchesleavesboxboxesleafLookandsay2.2语法秘籍可数名词的单复数变化规则有两种:1.规则变化2.不规则变化。数的变化2.3语法攻略规则变化(1)一般在词尾加“s”*dog–dogs*book–books*cap–caps*tree–trees(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”*box–boxes*watch–watches*bus–buses*brush–brushes注:stomach/k/–stomachs(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”*country–countries*baby–babies*factory–factories*party–parties请区别:如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词则只须加“s”*boy–boysholiday-holidays*day-holidaysmonkey–monkeys(4)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加“es”*half–halves*shelf–shelves*knife–knives*leaf–leaves特殊:roof---roofsbelief---beliefsproof---proofs(5)以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s。*piano–pianos*zoo–zoos*Radio-radios*bamboo–bamboos特殊:negro,hero,potato,tomato等单词除外。tomatoespotatoesnegroesheroes口诀巧记:黑人和英雄爱吃西红柿拌土豆。2.4语法攻略不规则变化woman--womenman--men(1)变-a为-e(2)变元音字母oo为eepoliceman–policemenFrenchman–Frenchmengoose--geesetooth--teethfoot--feet(3)单复数同形Chinese–ChineseJapanese–Japanesefish–fishsheep–sheep口诀巧记:“中日”不变“英法”变其余s加后面(4)常以复数形式出现的名词peopleclothesshoestrouserssocksglasses这些名词作主语时,注意它们的谓语用复数*Myclothesarenewerthanyours.2.5GrammarexerciseFillintheblankswithproper“be”Theclass(1)______waitingforher.Tom’sfamily(2)_____ratherbig.Tom’sfamily(3)_________filmfans.2.5Grammarexercise【答案】:1.are2.is3.are【要点点拨】:当people,class,family,team,group,public,police等集体名词做主语时,如果看成一个整体,动词就用单数;看成一个个具体成员时,就用复数。2.5GrammarexerciseTellTureorFalseA.Thereisatoyfactoryinthecity.B.Therearetwotoysfactoriesinthecity.2.5GrammarexerciseCorrectthesentencesA.Thereisatoyfactoryinthecity.B.Therearetwotoysfactoriesinthecity.2.5Grammarexercise【小诀窍】:普通名词作定语,修饰另一个名词时,要用单数。如anappletree,twoappletrees,etc.2.5GrammarexerciseA.Thereisawomanteacherintheclassroom.B.Therearetwowomanteachersintheclassroom.2.5GrammarexerciseCorrectthesentencesA.Thereisawomanteachersintheclassroom.B.Therearetwowomanteachersintheclassroom.Therearetwowomenteachersintheclassroom.2.5GrammarexerciseCorrectthesentencesA.Thereisawomanteachersintheclassroom.B.Therearetwowomanteachersintheclassroom.Therearetwowomenteachersintheclassroom.2.5Grammarexercise【答案】:B【要点点拨】:woman,man做定语修饰名词时,若所修饰的名词是单数,则man和woman用单数。若所修饰的名词是复数,则man和woman用复数。如awomanteachertwowomenteachers名词所有格Part3HowdoyouexpressONE’Sthing?3.1Question.His______(pen)12343.2ReadandSayHer______12343.2ReadandSayTheir_______12343.2ReadandSayHis______(pen)=Theman’s_____12343.2ThinkandSayHer______=Thewoman’s______12343.2ReadandSayTheir_______=Thechildren’s_______12343.2ReadandSay3.3语法秘籍名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系,“…的”。3.4语法秘籍名词所有格三种形式:1.‘s所有格2.of所有格3.双重所有格一般情况下,在有生命的名词后加‘sKen’sfatherLucy’sbook以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加’即可Teachers’officeTheGreens’house3.5Discoverthestructure不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s”Children’sDaymen’sshoes无生命名词的所有关系用of加名词,构成所属关系的短语thecolorofthewallapictureoftheclassroom3.5Discoverthestructure双重所有格我父亲的一个朋友afriendofmyfather’s我家的一幅画aphotoofmyfamily’s3.5Discoverthestructure1.(2010江西)June1stis____Day.AlltheChildrenenjoyitverymuch.A.ChildrenB.Childrens’C.Children’sD.Child3.5Grammarexercise【答案】:C【要点点拨】:直接判定法儿童节的表达是Children’sDay。Children是不以s结尾的复数名词,所有格形式+‘s.3.5Grammarexercise2.(2010河北)Idon’tthinklookingafterchildrenisjust________work.A.womanB.woman’sC.womenD.women’s3.5Grammarexercise【答案】:D【要点点拨】:直接判定法句意为:我认为照顾孩子不仅仅是女人们的事。D项women’s表示“女人们的”符合题意。woman是单数,复数为women。3.5Grammarexercise3.5Grammarexercise3.(2010滨州)---CanIhelpyou?---I’dlike____________formytwindaughters.A.twopairofshoesB.twopairsofshoeC.twopairofshoeD.twopairsofshoes3.5Grammarexercise【答案】:D【要点点拨】:前后照应法句意为:——您要买点什么?——我想给我的一对双胞胎女儿买两双鞋子。pair和shoe都是可数名词,复数要加-s。D项twopairsofshoes表示“两双鞋子”,符合题意。A、B和C项都是错误的表达。3.5Grammarexercise4.(2010河南)Itwashardformetomakea_______,butIdecidedtoleavemyjob.A.suggestionB.decisionC.planD.speech3.5Grammarexercise【答案】:B【要点点拨】:解析:逐个排除法句意为:虽然很难下决心,但是我还是决定辞职。B项makeadecision表示“下决心;作决定”符合题意。A项suggestion表示“建议”之意;C项makeaplan表示“制定计划”之意;D项speech表示“演讲”。3.5Grammarexercise5.(2018武汉)Thisis____bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.AnneandJaneB.Anne’sandJane’sC.AnneandJane’sD.Anne’sandJane3.5Grammarexercise【答案】:C【要点点拨】:解析:前后照应法,逐个排除法句意为:这是安妮和简的房间,这对双胞胎姐妹非常喜欢它。请注意:房间room为单数,说明是二人共同拥有的一个房间。3.5Grammarexercise【小诀窍】:两人共同拥有一个东西,表达应为:AandB’sthing两人各自拥有自己的东西,表达应为:A’sandB’sthings3.5Grammarexercise常考名词辨析Part4Group1cook厨师cooker厨具他是一个好厨师。Heisagoodcook.你的炊具是用燃气还是用电?Isyourcookergasorelectric?Group2Work工作,多指体力或脑力的努力或活动不可数名词Job工作,多指为换取报酬进行的日常活动可数名词我也喜欢花园,但我不喜欢艰苦的劳动。Ilikegardenstoo,butIdon’tlikehardwork.她正在找工作。Sheislookingforajob.Group3problem困难,客观上存在的待解决的问题,尤其是比较棘手的难题question疑问,询问,主观上需要解答或解释的问题你能