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定语从句（一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.该句中，whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句，修饰先行词theman，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词theman，在定语从句中作主语。（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，当宾语可以省略。①TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。②Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。③YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。④Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可省略。①Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。②LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.李明正是我想要见的男孩。③Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.你正在等的教授已经来了。④Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3．Which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。①Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。②Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。③Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.他喜欢外国作家写的书。④Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。⑤Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。⑥Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4．That指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。①Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。②Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？③Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。④Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.春天以后的季节是夏季。⑤YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。5．Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。①Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。②Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。③Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.｛Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?｛Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?6.关系代词that与which的用法区别（1）which可引导非限制性定语从句中，that不能Hedidn’tcomebackhomeontime,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他没有按时回家，这使他的父亲很生气。（2）which之前可以有介词，that之前则不能有介词ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunusedtolive.这就是鲁迅过去居住的房子。（3）that和which都指物时，以下4种情况，用that而不用which①先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词ThisisallthatIwanttosay.这就是我想要说的。Thereisnothingthatcanterrifyhim.没有什么能吓住他。TherewaslittlethatIcoulddoforyou.我不能为你做什么。②先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,most,no,some,very等词修饰Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.这是他用英语写的第一篇文章。Thisisthebestnovel(that)Ihaveeverread.这是我读过的最好的小说。③当人和物合做先行词时Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.他谈了他拜访过的老师和参观过的学校。④在疑问词who,which,that开头的句子中Whoisthemanthatspoketoyouatthegate.那个在门那边跟你讲话的男人是谁？Whichisthestarthatisnearesttotheearth？那一颗星星离地球最近。（三）关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。①Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.我知道他迟到的原因。②Thisistheplacewherewelivedforfiveyears.这就是我们住了五年的地方。③IwillforgetthedayswhenImetMr.Liu.我不会忘记遇见刘先生的那一天。注意：定语从句先行词用关系代词还是关系副词：引导词在句中做主语、宾语、表语就用that,which,否则就用where。①Thisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear.Thesearethehousesthat/whichwerebuilt10yearsago.②I’llneverforgetthedays(that/which)wespenttogether.Doyoustillrememberthedayswhenwefirstmet?③Canyouexplaintousthereasonwhyyoucamelate?Idon’tbelievethereasonwhich(that)heexplainedtous.2.where/when/why=介词+关系代词（which/whom）,注意不可加thatThisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear.｛inwhichThegentlemanaboutwhomyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.你昨天告诉我的那个绅士证实是个小偷。（四）限制性和非限制性定语从句1.限制定语从句紧跟先行词，引导词同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导,去掉它意思不明确。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，不可用that引导，去掉引导词不会影响主句的意思。Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastnight.Thehouse,whichweboughtlastnight,isverynice.2.非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句HeseemednottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetme.他似乎没有领会我的意思，这使我非常心烦。（五）as引导的定语从句1.as多与such或thesame连用，出现在thesame…as,such…as,so…as,as…as等结构中①Thisissuchadifficultproblemasnobodycanworkout.｛thatnobodycanworkitout.②ThisisthesamepenasIlost.这支钢笔同我丢失的一样。③Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.这块石头大得没人能搬得起。2.thesame…that与thesame…as在意思上是不同的Ihaveboughtthesamewatchasyou.我买了一块和你一样的手表。（不是同一块）ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一块）3.as也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.Asweknow,smokingisharmfultotheone’shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.※注意：way后面接定语从句的情况。①Thewaythat｛Whichheexplainedtouswasquitesimple./②Thewaythat｛inwhichheexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand./关系代词引导的定语从句练习：()1、-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather？-Yes，he‘sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom()2、Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which；isB.whom；wasC.who；isD.who；was()3、HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic___actorsareveryfamous?AwhoBwhoseCthatDwhom()4、Achild____parentsared