会计英语总结

ACCOUNTIGENGLISHFinancialAccounting会计英语财务会计ChapterOneAccounting:TheBasisforDecisions、WordsandPhrases:enterprise企业business企业firm公司、商号concernvt.涉及与…有关企业generalpurpose（普遍）通用的criterion标准enhancevt.提高、放大感兴趣returnon回报、报酬returnof回收收回financialposition财务状况financialprogress财务进展internalusers内部信息使用者externalusers外部信息使用者taxaccounting税务会计taxplanning税务筹划incometaxreturn所得税申报表debt-payingability偿债能力liquidity清偿，偿债能力cashflow:inflow流入outflow流出例：aninflowofbankdeposits银行存款的增加、ReadingComprehensionMainIdeas:1.DefinitionofAccounting:businesslanguageinformationsystembasisfordecisions2.TypesofAccountingInformation:(1)FinancialAccounting:①Internalusers②Externalusers:Owners.CreditorsGovernmentalagenciesLaborUnionsSAPAGInsuranceTaxStockholderAdministerjusticeBankAuditorMedia,FinancialanalystAdministratorManagerEmployeeControllerTheborderofdirectorExternalandInternalUsers(2)ManagementAccounting(3)TaxAccounting3.ThreeFieldsofAccountingPrivateAccountingPublicAccountingGovernmentAccounting(nonprofitorganizations)4.Extendingyourknowledge(会计道德）ChapterTwoTheoreticalFrameworkunderlyingFinancialAccounting1、WordsandPhrases:intuition直觉力实践性reston/upon=setup建立onaccount=oncredit赊账utility公用事业utilityexpense水电费materiality物质性,重要性encompass围绕,包含constraint强制,约束hierarchy等级制度GeneralAcceptedAccountingPrinciple2、ReadingComprehension(GAAP)(1)AssumptionAccountingentity会计主体Separateentity独立实体Goingconcern持续经营Continueoperation(orcontinuingconcern)measuringunit计量单位monetaryunit货币计量stable-money-unit稳定的货币单位Accountingperiod会计分期Time-period期间概念Periodicity定期(2)Principles:accrualbasis权责发生制&cashbasis收付实现制HistoricalcostMatchingRealizationFull-disclosure(adequatedisclosure)会计事项的充分表达ObjectiveConsistencyConservatismMaterialityCost-benefit成本效益(3)OrganizationFASB(美）财务会计准则委员会APB会计准则委员会AICPA（美）注册会计师协会3.MainPoints1.Natureofatheoreticalframework2.TheoreticalFrameworkFirstlevel—BasicobjectivesdecisionusefulnessSecondlevel—FundamentalconceptsQualitativeCharacteristicsAccountingElementsThirdlevel—RecognitionandMeasurementConcepts(1.Assumptionsb.Principlesc.Constraints)3.ExtendingKnowledge——IndustryPractice4.Multiple-choicequestion:Q2-1.Anobjectiveoffinancialreportingisto:a.Assesstheadequacyofinternalcontrol.b.Provideinformationusefulforinvestordecisions.C.Evaluatemanagementresultscomparedwithstandards.D.Provideinformationoncompliancewithestablishedprocedures.Q2-2.Apubliclyheldcorporationisrequiredtohaveitsfinancialstatementsauditedbyanindependentexternalauditor.Thethreepurposesofthesefinancialstatementsaretoprovideusefulinformation(1)forcreditandinvestmentdecisions,(2)aboutthefirm'sresources,and(3)forA.Determiningtheimpactofinflation.B.Long-livedassetreplacements.C.Assessingmarketvaluesofassets.D.Evaluatingprospectivecashflows.Q2-3.Theinformationreportedinthestatementofcashflowsshouldhelpinvestors,creditors,andotherstoassessallofthefollowingexcepttheA.Amount,timing,anduncertaintyofprospectivenetcashinflowsofafirm.B.Company'sabilitytopaydividendsandmeetobligations.C.Company'sabilitytogeneratefuturecashflows.D.Managementofthefirmwithrespecttotheefficientandprofitableuseofitsresources.Q2-4.AstatementoffinancialpositionisintendedtohelpinvestorsandcreditorsA.Assesstheamount,timing,anduncertaintyofprospectivenetcashinflowsofafirm.B.Evaluateeconomicresourcesandobligationsofafirm.C.Evaluateeconomicperformanceofafirm.D.Evaluatechangesintheownershipequityofafirm.Q2-5.Accordingtotext,ObjectivesofFinancialReportingbyBusinessEnterprises,A.Externalusershavetheabilitytoprescribeinformationtheywant.B.Informationisalwaysbasedonexactmeasures.C.Financialreportingisusuallybasedonindustriesortheeconomyasawhole.D.Financialaccountingdoesnotdirectlymeasurethevalueofabusinessenterprise.EXERCISE1E2OnFebruary1,2000,acomputersoftwarefirmagreestoprogramtoasoftwarepackage.Twelvepaymentsof$10,000onthefirstofeachmontharetobemade,withthefirstpaymentMarch1,2000,ThesoftwareisacceptedbytheclientJune1,2001.Howmuch2000revenueshouldberecognized?CASEC2:Therealizationprincipledetermineswhenabusinessshouldrecognizerevenue.Listednextarethreecommonbusinesssituationsinvolvingrevenue.Aftereachsituation,wegivetwoalternativesastotheaccountingperiod(orperiods)inwhichthebusinessmightrecognizethisrevenue.Selecttheappropriatealternativebyapplyingtherealizationprinciple,andexplainyourreasoning.a.Airlineticketrevenue:Mostairlinessellticketswellbeforethescheduleddateoftheflight.(Periodticketsold;periodofflight)b.Salesonaccount:InJune2005,aSanDiego-basedfurniturestorehadabigsale,featuringNopaymentsuntil2006.(Periodfurnituresold;periodsthatpaymentsarereceivedfromcustomers)c.Magazinesubscriptionsrevenue:Mostmagazinepublisherssellsubscriptionsforfuturedeliveryofthemagazine.(Periodsubscriptionsold;periodsthatmagazinesaremailedtocustomers)ChapterThreeAccountingCycle1.WordsandPhrases:Keywords,phrases,andspecialtermsp38interval间隔order次序inorderofdate=chronological按时间顺序originaldocument=sourcedocument原始凭证makeanentry=journalize作分录post传递邮递过账posting过账individualadj.个人的单独的individually