会计英语第四章复习

Chapter4FinancialStatementLearningobjectives:•1.DefineandpreparetheIncomeStatement•2.DefineandpreparetheCapitalStatement•3.DefineandpreparetheBalanceSheet•4.Prepareclassifiedfinancialstatement•5.UnderstandtheproceduresofbookkeepingandaccountingcycleNewwords,PhrasesandSpecialTermsMultiple['mʌltɪp(ə)l]多重的；多样的multiple-stepincomestatement多步式利润表Accruedexpensespayable应计未付费用Inventories['ɪnvən,tori]存货；库存资产Incometaxpayable应付所得税Accumulateddepreciation累计折旧Bondspayable应付公司债Dividend['dɪvɪdend]股息；红利Dividendpayable应付股息Inexcessofpar溢价Merchandise['mɜːtʃ(ə)ndaɪz]商品；货物Grossprofit毛利润Equivalent[ɪ'kwɪv(ə)l(ə)nt]等价物；相等物Particular[pə'tɪkjʊlə]特定的Deduct[dɪ'dʌkt]扣减Subtract[səb'trækt]减去；扣除Maturity[mə'tʃʊərətɪ]到期Financialposition财务状况Operatingresults经营成果TheBalanceSheet资产负债表TheIncomestatement利润表Thestatementofcashflows现金流量表OperatingExpenses经营费用SalesReturnsandAllowances销售退回及折让SalesDiscounts销售折扣CostofGoodsSold销货成本Sellingexpenses销售费用Generalandadministrativeexpenses一般及行政管理费用FINANCIALSTATEMENTSAftertransactionsareidentified,recorded,andsummarized,fourfinancialstatementsarepreparedfromthesummarizedaccountingdata:1.Anincomestatementpresentingtherevenuesandexpensesandresultingnetincomeornetlossofacompanyforaspecificperiodoftime.2.Astatementofowner’sequitysummarizingthechangesinowner’sequityforaspecificperiodoftime.FINANCIALSTATEMENTSInadditiontotheincomestatementandstatementofowner’sequity,twoadditionalstatementsareprepared:3.Abalancesheetreportingtheassets,liabilities,andowner’sequityofabusinessenterpriseataspecificdate.4.Acashflowstatementsummarizinginformationconcerningthecashinflows(receipts)andoutflows(payments)foraspecificperiodoftime.LOGO4.1TheBalanceSheetThebalancesheetmaybedefinedasastatementshowingtheassets,liabilities,andcapitalofabusinessentityataspecificdate.ThisstatementisalsocalledaStatementofFinancialPositionorStatementofFinancialCondition.LOGO•Thebalancesheetcouldbearrangedinreportform报告式,withtheliabilitiesandcapitalsectionsshownbelowtheassetsection.•Itmayalsobearrangedinaccountform账户式,withtheliabilitiesandcapitalsectionstotherightof,ratherthanbelow,theassetsection.LOGOBalanceSheetarrangedinreportformLOGOBalanceSheetarrangedinaccountformLOGOAssetsLiabilitiesCurrentCurrentProperty,plantandequipmentlong-termOther•Thebalancesheetbecomesamoreusefulstatementforcomparisonandfinancialanalysisiftheassetandliabilitygroupsareclassified.•Forexample,animportantindexofthefinancialstateofabusinessderivable（可诱导的）fromtheclassifiedbalancesheet,istheratioofcurrentassetstocurrentliabilities.Thiscurrentratioought,generally,tobeatleast2to1;thatiscurrentassetsshouldbetwicecurrentliabilities.Theassetsandliabilitiescouldbeclassifiedas:BalanceSheetarrangedinreportformLOGO4.2TheIncomeStatementTheincomestatementisafinancialstatementthatsummarizestheresultsofacompany’soperationbymatchingrevenueandrelatedexpensesforaparticularaccountingperiod.Therearetwoformsofincomestatementinaccountingpractice:single-stepandmultiple-step.Thesingle-stepincomestatementThesingle-stepincomestatementisaformatofincomestatementwhichgroupsallrevenuestogetherandthenlistsanddeductsallexpensestogetherwithoutdrawinganyintermediatesubtotals.ThesimpleformofincomestatementThemultiple-stepincomestatementThemultiple-stepincomestatementcontainstheseriesofstepsinwhichcostsandexpensesaredeductedfromrevenues.1.thecostofgoodssoldisdeductedfromsalestoproduceanamountforgrossprofit.2.operatingexpensesaresubtractedfromthegrossprofittoobtainoperatingincome(oroperatingprofit).3.incometaxexpensesaresubtractedtodeterminenetincome.Revenue收入.Thisincludesgrossincomefromthesaleofproductsorservices.ItmaybedesignatedasSales,IncomefromFeesandsoon,toindicategrossincome.ThegrossamountisreducedbySalesReturnsandAllowancesandbySalesDiscountstoarriveatNetSales.CostofGoodsSold销货成本Thisincludesthecostsrelatedtotheproductsorservicessold.Itwouldberelativelysimpletocomputeforafirmthatretailsfurniture;itwouldbemorecomplexformanufacturingfirmthatchangesrawmaterialintofinishedproducts.Therearefourfunctionalclassificationsoftheincomestatement.OperatingExpenses.Thisincludesallexpensesorresourcesconsumedinobtainingrevenue.OperatingExpensesarefurtherdividedintotwogroups.Sellingexpensesarethoserelatedtothepromotionandsaleofthecompany’sproductorservice.Generalandadministrativeexpensesarethoserelatedtotheoverallactivitiesofthebusiness,suchasthesalariesofthepresidentandotherofficers.OtherExpenses(Net).Thisincludesnon-operatingandincidentalexpensessuchasinterestexpense.Oftenanyincidentalincome,suchasinterestincome,isoffsetagainsttheexpenseandnetamountshown.TransitionalPage•Thestatementofcashflowsisafinancialstatementthatreportsthecashreceiptsandcashpaymentsofanentityduringaparticularperiod.4.3TheStatementofCashFlowsThetermcashrefersnotonlytothebillsandcoinswenormallythinkofascash,buttocashequivalents（现金等价物）,too.Cashequivalentsarehighlyliquidshort-terminvestmentthatcaneasilyandquicklybeconvertedintocash,usuallywithamaturityofthreemonthsorlessatthedateofpurchase.•Thecashflowsofanentityusuallycomefromcashflowsfromoperatingactivit