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专四语法总结I.主谓一致1.意义一致和就近原则•连词notonly...butalso/neither...nor/or/either...or/not...butNotonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherisenjoyingthefilm.EitherheorIamright.•副词here/thereHerearemyrepliestoyourquestions.Thereisanapple,twobananasandsomeorangesontheplates.2.以－s结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致•疾病名词：单数：arthritis关节炎,bronchitis支气管炎，rickets软骨病，mumps腮腺炎，diabetes糖尿病可作单数也可作复数：rickets软骨病，measles麻疹•游戏名称一般做单数，表示游戏所用镖等意义时用复数Darts投镖，marbles打弹子游戏Cards用复数：Cardsarenotallowedhere.•地理名称国名用单数群山、海峡、瀑布用复数TheHimalayashaveamagnificentvarietyofplantandanimallife.•Scissors,glasses,shorts,trousers一类词单独使用用复数，加上单位词，如apairof由单位词单、复数决定•－ings结尾的名词一般用复数Theclippingsofthehedgesareusuallyburnt.•特例Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtoarms.Allmeanshavebeentriedouttoincreaseagriculturalproduction.3.集体名词作主语主谓一致1)集体名词，如：police,people,cattle,militia民兵,poultry家禽等，Domesticcattleprovideuswithmilk,beefandhides.2)有些集体名词，如foliage叶子,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：AllthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinChina.3)集体名词，如audience,committee,class,crew,family,public,governmentThecitycouncilismeetingtosetitsagenda.4)acommittee,etc.of+如果主语是由“acommitteeof/apanelof/aboardof+复数名Acommitteeoffivemenandthreewomenistoconsiderthematter.4.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致Eggandmilkisagoodbreakfast.(这里的鸡蛋和牛奶都指一顿早饭，不可分割)Fishandchips(炸鱼土豆片)isapopularsupperhere.•当and连接的并列名词词组带有each,every或者manya等限定词时，随后动词常用单数Manyamanandwomaninthiscommunityfindshimselforherselfinneed.Everyboyandgirlintheclassisgivenacopyofthephoto.•主语后跟有由asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,aswellas,inadditionto,with,alongwith,togetherwith,except等引导的结构或词组，取决于主语本身形式。5.表示数量的名词短语作主语•主语是“分数/百分数+of+名词”，动词的形式取决于中心名词的单复数形式。e.g.Twothirdsofthecitywasdestroyedinthewar.Thirty-fivepercentofthedoctorswerefemale.•anumberof+名词复数，动词用复数。thenumberof+名词，动词用单数。e.g.Agreatnumberofstudentshaveenteredforthesportsmeeting.Thenumberofstudentshasdoubledintwoyears.•表示时间和度量的名词短语通常作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式e.g.Twentyminutesistoolongtowait.•如果做主语的名词短语由“aportionof,aseriesof,apileof,apanelof,akindof,asortof,atypeof,thiskind/sort/typeof”构成，无论中心名词的形式如何，谓语动词的形式通常都是单数。e.g.Thereisakindofroseinthegarden.•“复数名词+ofthiskind”，谓语动词用复数。e.g.Peachesofthiskindarejuicy.•“these/thosekindof+复数名词”,谓语动词用复数。e.g.Thesekindofpeachesareveryjuicy•由“manya+单数名词”或者“morethanone+单数名词”组成的名词短语虽然在意义上是复数，但习惯上谓语动词用单数。e.g.Morethanonegamewaslost.1.Mr.Wells,togetherwithallthemembersofhisfamily,_____forEuropethisafternoon.(2003)A.aretoleaveB.areleavingC.isleavingD.leave2.Thestatistics___thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.(2006)A.provesB.isprovingC.areprovingD.prove3.AllthePresident’sMen_______oneoftheimportantbooksforhistorianswhostudytheWatergateScandal.(2007)A.remainB.remainsC.RemainedD.isremaining4.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECT?(2008)A.Allhislectureswereboring.B.Halfhismoneywasgone.C.HerfewfriendsareallfondofdancingD.Heinvitedmanyhisfriendstotheparty.(限定词)CDBD5.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?（2012）A．Twentymilesseemslikealongwalktohim．B．Nooneexcepthissupportersagreewithhim．C．NeitherJulianorIweregoingtotheparty．D．Fewstudentsinmyclassarereallylazy．6．Whichofthefollowingdeterminers(限定词)canbeplacedbeforebothsingularcountnounsandpluralcountnouns?(2012)A．manyaB．fewC.SuchD．thenext7.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?(2012)A．Newmachinerywereintroducedinthefactory．B．Poultryareveryexpensiveinthecity．C．Thepoliceareinvestigatingthemurdercase．D．Themilitiawerecalledouttorescuefloodvictims．CDAII.限定词•限定词的相互搭配关系为：前位+中位+后位在这三类限定词中，前位限定词与前位限定词以及中位限定词与中位限定词是相互排斥的，后位限定词与后位限定词之间虽不相互排斥但有搭配限制。•前位限定词包括：all,both,half;double,twice,threetimes,etc;one-third,two-fifths,etc;what,such,(a/an）等。•中位限定词包括：1.冠词：a(n),the/2.指示代词：this,that,these,those3.形容词性物主代词：my,your,his,her,our,etc4.名词属格：Jim’s,mymother’s5.不定代词：some,any,no,every,each,either,neither,enough,etc6.连接代词what(ever),which(ever),whose,etc•后位限定词包括：one,two,three,etc;first,second,third,etc;next,last,other,another,etc;many,much,(a)few,(a)little,fewer,(the)fewest,less,(the)least,more,most;several,plentyof,alotof,lotsof,agreat/large/goodnumberof,agreat/gooddealof,alarge/smallamountof;such等。•几个属于不同层次的形容词作修饰语时，其词序一般按下列顺序排列：限定词→表示说话人评价的形容词→表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国别、来源、材料的形容词→表示用途或目的的形容词→名词中心词1.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECT?(2010)A.Allhislecturesareveryinteresting.B.Halfhissavingsweregone.C.Manyhisfriendscametotheparty.D.Bothhissistersarenurses.2.Themanagerisnotlikelytoagreeto_____propositions.（2004）A.OthertheseB.otherallC.allotherD.otheranyCCIII.虚拟语气•下面是虚拟条件句的几种基本形式。(1)与将来事实相反would/could+V，shoulddo/weretodo(2)与过去事实相反would/couldhavedone，haddone(3)与现在事实相反would/coulddo，were/did•专四中常见的虚拟语气形式。1）wish后的宾语从句IwishIknewwhatwasgoingtohappen.2）suggest（suggestion）,propose（proposal）,advise（advice）demand,insist,order,request,require,recommend,desire,ask,decide等。在这些从句中，谓语形式为should加动词原形，should可以省略。例：Thegeneral’scommandwasthatthesoldiers_____theirfortandcarryoutmoreimportanttask.A.wouldleaveB.leaveC.leftD.haveleft（答案：B）（2002年49题）例：It’sdesiredthatshe_____toteachusatleasttwiceaweek.A.comesB.willcomeC.comeD.maycome（答案：C）（1997年29题）3）wouldrather,wouldassoon,asif/th