Since-和-for-的用法及区别

Since和for的用法及区别：一，since的四种用法1，since+过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、ago.1990,lastmonth,halfpastsixIhavebeenheresince1990.1990起，我一直在这儿。2，since+一段时间+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago。自从五个月前，我已经在这儿了。3，since+从句GreatChangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.自从你走后，已经发生了很大的变化。4，Itis+一段时间+since从句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameanEnglishteacher.我成为英语老师有两年了。二，Since和for区别1，Since+时间点，具体时间“自从、、、、以来，从、、、以后”用来说明动作起始时间IhavebeeninBeijingsince2010.2，For+时间段，用来说明动作延续时间长度，因此句中的谓语动词，也应该是延续性动词。IhavebeeninBeijingforoneyear。WehavelearntEnglishforaboutthreeyears.Ihavebeenherefor3days.(对)Ihavearrivedherefor3days.（误）三，延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。四、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示段时间的状语连用。表示段时间的短语有：fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlong等IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehere.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间状语连用。如：Itraindateightyesterdaymorning.（误）rain为延续性动词，而ateight表示点时间，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词性动词来表示一瞬间的动作，可借助comebeginget等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.(正)又如：-WhendidyougettoknowJack?-Twoyearsago.-Thenyou'veknowneachotherformorethantwoyears.-That'sright.五、终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：Thetrainhasarrived.火车到了。Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?你加入电脑小组了吗？2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语用(只限肯定式)。如：（1)他死了三年了。误：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.正：Hediedthreeyearsago.正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied.正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.(2)他来这儿五天了。误：Hehascomehereforfivedays.正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.正：Hecameherefivedaysago.正：Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere.句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leave→beaway,borrow→keep,buy→have,begin/start→beon,die→bedead,moveto→livein,finish→beover,join→bein/beamemberof,opensth.→keepsth.open,fallill→beill,getup→beup,catchacold→haveacold。练习：用since和for填空1)______twoyears2)_______twoyearsago3)_______lastmonth4)______19995)_______yesterday6)_______4o’clock7)______4hours8)_______anhourago9)_______wewerechildren10)_____lunchtime11)______shelefthere1.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.2.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.3.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.4.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.5.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.2.短暂性转换延续性①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.come/go/movetosw.→beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.2)ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.I__________________________theUSAsince____________________.3)Iwenthomeyesterday.I________________________homefor___________________.4)Theycameherelastweek.They__________________heresince___________________.②come/goback,return→bebackcome/goout→beout1)Hecameouttwoyearsago.He____________________________for____________________.2)WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.③become→be1)Ibecameateacherin2000.I__________________ateacherfor__________________.2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.④close→beclosedopen→beopen1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop__________________________for__________________.2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor________________________forsixhours.⑤getup→beupdie→bedeadleavesw.→beawayfromsw.fallasleep/gettotsleep→beasleepfinish/end→beovermarry→bemarried1)Igotuptwohoursago.I________________________since________________.2)HeleftFuzhoujustnow.He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.3)Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours.5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.I__________________________since___________________.6)Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since_________.⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.begin→beon1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I________atthisschoolsince____.2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________for________.⑦borrow→keeplose→nothavebuy→haveputon→wearcatch/getacold→haveacoldgettoknow→know1)Theyborroweditlastweek.They__________________itsince____________________.2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.I__________________apenfor__________________.3)Igottoknowhimlastyear.I___________________himsince____________________.4)Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I____________________myglassesfor__________________.⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeenin1)HehasgonetoBeijing.He_____________Beijingfortwodays.⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy→bealeague/aPartymember/asoldier→beamemberoftheleague/theParty→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.He_________________a__________________fortwoyears.He__________________a_____________________the__________fortwoyears.He__________________________________theleaguefortwoyears.2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrother____________________a___________for______________________.Mybrother_____