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2011年理工类职称英语教材新增文章下载阅读理解新增文章（共6篇）目录：第二篇(C级)：WorldCrudeOilProductionMayPeakaDecadeEarlierThanSomePredict第六篇(C级)：WeavingwithLight第三十四篇(B级)：BatteriesBuiltbyViruses第三十八篇(B级)：LongerLivesforWildElephants第四十五篇(A级)：SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthers第四十六篇(A级)：MarvelousMetamaterials第二篇WorldCrudeOilProductionMayPeakaDecadeEarlierThanSomePredictInafindingthatmayspeedeffortstoconserveoil，scientistsinKuwaitpredictthatworldconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2014.Thispredictionisalmostadecadeearlierthansomeotherpredictions.TheirstudyisinACS’Energy&Fuels1.IbrahimNashawiandcolleaguespointoutthatrapidgrowthinglobaloilconsumptionhassparkedagrowinginterestinpredictingpeakoil.Peakoilisthepointwhereoilproductionreachesamaximumandthendeclines.Scientistshavedevelopedseveralmodelstoforecastthispoint，andsomeputthedateat2020orlater.OneofthemostfamousforecastmodelsiscalledtheHubbertmodel2.Itassumesthatglobaloilproductionwillfollowabellshapedcurve3.Arelatedconceptisthat4ofPeakOil.ThetermPeakOilindicatesthemomentinwhichworldwideproductionwillpeak，afterwardstostartonirreversibledecline.TheHubbertmodelaccuratelypredictedthatoilproductionwouldpeakintheUnitedStatesin1970.Themodelhassincegainedinpopularityandhasbeenusedtoforecastoilproductionworldwide.However，recentstudiesshowthatthemodelisinsufficienttoaccountfor5morecomplexoilproductioncyclesofsomecountries.Thosecyclescanbeheavilyinfluencedbytechnologychanges，politics，andotherfactors，thescientistssay.ThenewstudydescribesdevelopmentofanewversionoftheHubbertmodelthatprovidesamorerealisticandaccurateoilproductionforecast.Usingthenewmodel，thescientistsevaluatedtheoilproductiontrendsof47majoroil-producingcountries，whichsupplymostoftheworld’sconventionalcrudeoil6.Theyestimatedthatworldwideconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2014，yearsearlierthananticipated.Thescientistsalsoshowedthattheworld’soilreserves7arebeingreducedatarateof2.1percentayear.Thenewmodelcouldhelpinformenergy-relateddecisionsandpublicpolicydebate，theysuggest.词汇：conservev.保护，保存irreversibleadj.不可逆的，不可改变的crudeoil原油sparkv.闪耀;激发;鼓舞insufficient不充分的，不足的curven.曲线注释：1.ACS’Energy&Fuels：ACS是AmericanChemicalSociety(美国化学学会)的缩写。该学会成立于1876年，现已成为世界最大的科技协会。多年来，ACS一直致力于为全球化学研究机构、企业及个人提供高品质的文献资讯及服务。ACS出版的期刊有34种，这些期刊在化学领域中是被引用次数最多的化学期刊，Energy&Fuels即是其中一本。2.theHubbertmodel：赫伯特模型是美国地质学家M.KingHubbert于1956年创建的，这是一个随时间增长的模型，Hubbert将其引入油气田开发，经推导使其成为一个可以预测油气田累积产量、瞬时产量、年产量和可采储量等多项开发指标的多功能预测模型。3.abellshapedcurve：钟形曲线4.thatofpeakoil：that指代concept。5.accountfor：说明，解释6.conventionalcrudeoil：常规原油7.oilreserves：石油储量。通常使用复数形式reserves。练习：1.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothewordsparkedappearinginparagraph2?A.flashedB.stimulatedC.changedD.ended2.Thetermabellshapedcurveappearinginparagraph2indicatesthatglobaloilproductionwillA.taketheshapeofaflatcurve.B.keepgrowing.C.keepdeclining.D.starttodeclineafterglobaloilproductionpeaks.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheHubbertmodel?A.ItsuccessfullypredictedthatoilproductionpeakedintheU.S.in1970.B.Ithasbeenusedtopredictoilproductioninmanycountries.C.Itisinsufficienttoexplainoilproductioncyclesinsomecountries.D.Itprovidesaveryrealisticandaccurateoilproduction.4.Whatisthemajorachievementofthenewstudymentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Itpredictsglobaloilproductionwillpeakin2014.B.Itpredictsoilproductionwilldeclinein47countries.C.ItconfirmsfurthertheeffectivenessoftheHubbertmodel.D.Itdiscoversanewgendofworldwideoilproduction.5.WhodevelopthenewversionoftheHubbertmodel?A.Americanscientists.B.Kuwaitiscientists.C.Britishscientists.D.Scientistsof47majoroil-producingcountries.答案与题解：1.Bspark一词做及物动词使用时有“发动”、“激发的意思，在此意为stimulated，即“引发”，这个句子的意思是：全球石油消费的快速增长已引发了对“石油峰值”预测的兴趣。2.D此句接下来的句子中所提到的arelatedconcept即是与abellshapedcurve相关的概念，也就是说，接下来的这个句子对abellshapedcurve做了解释，即世界石油生产达到最大峰值后将下降。3.D文章的第三段告诉我们，Hubbert预测模型精确地预测到美国石油生产于1970年将达到峰值。这一模型自受到公认后，已用于预测世界石油生产。第四段说，这一模型对于某些国家更加复杂的石油生产周期而言，其计算尚不充分。这些生产周期受到技术的改变、政策和其他因素的很大影响。所以，A、B和C都是对Hubbert模型的正确说明。4.A选项B、C和D所述内容均未在文章中提到。最后一段告诉我们，科学家使用新的模型评估了47个主要的产油国家的石油生产趋势，并预计全球常规原油生产到2014年将达最高峰值。所以，A是答案。5.B短文第一段的第一个句子提供了答案。第六篇WeavingwithLightIntheSierraMadremountainrangeofwestcentralMexico1，thenativeHuicholpeople2livemuchthewaytheirancestorsdid-withoutelectricity.That'sbecauseit'stooexpensivetostringpowerlines3totheremotemountainareaswheretheylive.Tohelpsupportthemselves，theHuicholcreatebeautifulartwork.Theyselltheirartincitieshundredsofmilesawayfromtheirvillages.Andwithoutelectricity-athomeorontheroad，theycanonlyworkduringdaylighthours.Whenitgetsdark，theymuststopwhateverthey’redoing.Now，ateamofscientists，designers，andarchitectsisusing4newtechnologiestoprovidetheHuicholwithlightafterthesunsetsThescientists'techniqueinvolvesweavingtinyelectroniccrystalsintofabricsthatcanbemadeintoclothes，bags，orotheritems.Bycollectingthesun’senergyduringtheday，theselightweightfabricsprovidebrightwhitelightatnight.TheirinventorshavenamedthefabricsPortableLights.PortableLightshavethepotentialtotransformthelivesofpeoplewithoutelectricityaroundtheworld，saysprojectleaderSheilaKennedy.“Ourinvention，”Kennedysays，“camefromseeingho