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Lesson10Notforjazz•jazz•musical•instrument•clavichord•recently•爵士音乐•音乐的•乐器•古钢琴•最近•damage•key•string•shock••allow•touch•损坏•琴键•弦•使不悦或生气•允许•触摸jazz•jazzn.爵士音乐•你喜欢听爵士音乐吗？•Doyoulikelisteningtojazz?•**andallthatjazz诸如此类的东西•**playjazz演奏爵士乐musical•musicaladj.音乐的；喜爱音乐的•乐器•musicalinstrument•喜爱音乐的孩子•amusicalchildinstrument•instrumentn.工具，仪器•乐器•musicalinstrumentrecently•recentlyadv.最近；新近（常用在完成时和过去时中）•近来的情况变得如此糟糕，以至他决定节食。•Thingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.damage•damagen.损失；损坏•**dodamageto=causedamageto损害，破坏•暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失•Thestormdidalotofdamagetothecrops.key•keyn.钥匙；键；解答；答案；关键性人物•我们有房门的钥匙•Wehaveakeyforthedoorofthehouse.•**holdthekeysof控制；支配string•stringn.细绳；弦；•这个包裹用绳子捆着•Theparcelwastiedwithstring.shock•shockn.撞击；打击•v.使…震惊；使…激怒•Twotrainmetandtheshockbrokethewindow.•两火车相碰，撞坏了窗户•当听到你出事后我很震惊•IwasshockedwhenIheardaboutyouraccident.•**cultureshock文化冲击•**beshocked感到震惊•**beshocking令人震惊allow•allowv.允许，准许•此处不准吸烟•Smokingisnotallowedhere.•AllowmetointroduceMissMary.•请允许我介绍一下玛丽小姐。•**allowfor考虑•我们必须考虑到他缺少经验•Wemustallowforhisinexperience.•**allowdoing…允许做某事我们不允许吸烟Wedon’tallowsmoking.**allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事touch•touchv.接触；触摸•n.触觉•参观者请勿触摸展品•Visitorsarenotallowedtotouchtheexhibits.•**touchon提起，谈到•**aneartouch千钧一发•**beintouch接触•**beoutoftouch不接触•1.havesth.有某物•2.bemadein某地制造•这件衣服是中国产的•Thisclothesismadeinchina.•bemadeof由某种材料制成•这茶壶是银造的•Theteapotismadeofsilver.•bemadefrom用数种材料制成•玻璃是由沙子和石灰制成的•Glassismadefromsandandlime.•bemadeby由某人制造•我姐姐做的这个蛋糕•Thiscakewasmadebymysister.•3.belongto属于（无被动式）•4.afriendofmyfather’s=oneofmyfather’sfriends英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态:主语是动作的执行者eg：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.Heopenedthedoor.他开了门Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.二.Grammar:语态分类•被动语态:主语是动作的承受者。•eg:Englishisspokenbymanypeople.•Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。•Thiswatchcanberepairedbyusintwodays.Thepassivevoice.被动语态㈠被动语态的用法:1.不知动作执行者时,常用被动语态.eg.Mybikewasstolenyesterday.ThiscarismadeinAmerican.2.不必要说出动作执行者时,常用.eg.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.3.为了突出强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态.eg.Thousandsofbeachesarepolluted(污染).Thepassivevoice.被动语态㈡主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:1.把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语.2.把动词改为被动形式,即“be+过去分词”.注意be动词要按新的主语的人称和数进行变化,时态要和原来的主动语态的时态保持一致.3.原来主动语态句中的主语,如果需要,就放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现.如果没有必要就可以省略.其他的成分(定语,状语)不变,句式也不能变.动词过去分词的构成(复习)规则动词的变化1.一般加edwork—worked2.以不发音的字母结尾的词加dlive—lived3.以”辅音字母+y”结尾的词改y为i再加edstudy—studied4.以重读闭音节或r音节结尾末尾只有一个辅音字母的词双写这个辅音字母再加edstop—stoppedprefer—preferred不规则动词的变化动词原形过去分词beginbegunbreakbrokenfindfounddrivedriventhinkthoughtgivegivenmakemadecostcostwinwoncutcutThepassivevoice.被动语态主动语态变被动语态的结构图:Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.ThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.主语谓语动词过去时宾语时间状语主语谓语动词的过去分词宾语时间状语Thepassivevoice.被动语态主动语态改被动语态:Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.wasby1.一般现在时：am/is/aredone2.一般过去时：was/weredone3.现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone4.过去进行时：was/werebeingdone5.现在完成时：have/hasbeendone6.过去完成时：hadbeendone7.一般将来时：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedoneHeisregardedasabrilliant.他被认为很有才气。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.这本书是1969年写成的。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这支钢笔已经用了几年。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他说这家工厂已经开张。Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作将于三小时后完成。㈢各时态的被动语态结构。注：在被动句中有时用by-词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用by词组。例如：(一)主动句与被动句的转换HamletwaswrittenbyShakespeare.《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。PeoplespeakEnglishalmostallovertheworld.世界各地都有人讲英语。Englishisspokenalmostallovertheworld.含有单宾语的主动句的转换：I.Rewritethefollowingsentencesinthepassivevoice.(用被动语态改写下列各句)：1)Theyareservingbreakfastbetweeneightandteno’clock.Breakfastisbeingservedbetweeneightandteno’clock.2)Peopleweretalkingabouttheunusuallyhotweather.Theunusuallyhotweatherwasbeingtalkedabout.3)Theteacherwillgiveyousomeinstructions.Someinstructionswillbegiventoyou.Youwillbegivensomeinstructions.Yourhomeworkmust﹙finish﹚ontime.Thebadvegetableshouldnot﹙eat﹚.Yourclothesmay﹙put﹚here.Allofthesemathsexercisesmust﹙finish﹚today.Theworkcan﹙do﹚inanhour.Teenagersshould(notdrink)wine.befinishedbeeatenbeputbefinishedbedonenotbedrunk