《国际贸易实务》

Import&ExportpracticesImport&ExportpracticesQualityofcommodityQuantityTransportPackagePricePaymentInsuranceInspectionClaims&disputeBodyallthetermsandconditionsagreeduponImport&Exportpractices数量条款QuantityNW1200M/TImport&ExportpracticesImport&Exportpractices先行案例我某出口公司在某次交易会上与外商当面谈妥出口大米10000公吨，每公吨USD275FOBSHANGHAI。但我方公司在签约时，合同上只笼统地写了10000吨，我方当事人主观上认为合同上的吨是指公吨。后来，外商来证要求按长吨供货。如果我方按长吨供货要多交大米160.5公吨，折合美元为44137.5美元。于是，双方发生争议。Import&ExportpracticesImportanceofQuantityAnybusinessdealconsistsofacertainquantityofgoodssuppliedbythesellerandacertainsumofmoneypaidbythebuyer.Withoutacertainquantityofgoods,anybusinessdealwouldbegroundless.Thus,quantityclauseisoneoftheessentialtermsandconditionsfortheconclusionofatransactioninthecontract.Import&ExportpracticesUnitedNationsConventiononContractsforInternationalSaleofGoods（CISG)requiresthatthequantityofgoodsdeliveredshouldbeidenticaltothatcalledforinthecontract,Otherwisethebuyerisentitledtorejecttheportionofgoodsexcessiveinquantity,andtoclaimagainstthesellerifthequantityisfoundtobelessthanthatcalledforinthecontract.ImportanceofQuantityImport&ExportpracticesQUANTITYThequantityclausemainlyincludes:thequantityofcommodity.theunitofcommodity.eg:Quantity:1000M/TImport&ExportpracticesQUANTITYQuantityofgoodsreferstotheweight,number,length,volume,area,capacity,etc.whichareindicatedbydifferentmeasuringunits.Import&ExportpracticesMeasurementUnits(计量单位）Tocalculatebyweight:(按重量来计算）Itisusuallyusedformineralproducts,agriculturalby-productssuchaswool,cotton,grainsandoreproducts.kilogram,kg.gram,g.metricton,m/tlongton,l/tpound,1b.shortton,s/tounce,oz.（盎司）Carat(克拉)Import&ExportpracticesMeasurementUnitsofQuantityTocaculatebyNumber:Constantlyusedformeasurementofindustrialproductsandgeneralproductssuchasready-madeclothes,paper,toysandsoon.piece,pc./pair/package,pkg./roll/set/dozen,doz./gross,gr./ream,rm./bundle/bale/bag/case,c/s/box,bx.1打=12件1罗=12打1令=480张（英）1令=500张（美）Import&ExportpracticesMeasurementUnitsofQuantityTocalculatebyLength:Itismostlyusedfortextileproducts,metalcords,electricwires,ropesandsoon.yard,yd.meter,m.inch,in.foot,ft.centi-meter,cm1英尺=12英寸=30.48厘米3英尺=1码.Import&ExportpracticesMeasurementUnitsofQuantityTocalculatebyArea:Itisoftenusedintradeofglass,textileproductssuchascarpets,etc.squareyard,sq.yd.squaremeter,sq.m.squarefoot,sq.ft.squareinch,sq.in.Import&ExportpracticesMeasurementUnitsofQuantityTocalculatebyVolume:Itisgenerallyusedfortimber/wood,chemicalgases,etc.cubicmeter,cu.m.cubicyard,cu.yd.cubicfoot,cu.ft.cubicinch,cu.in.Import&ExportpracticesMeasurementUnitsofQuantityTocalculatebyCapacity:Itismostlyusedforgrain,alcohol,oil,etc.liter,l.gallon,gal.（加仑）bushel,bu.---美国作为各种谷物的计量单位。但每蒲式耳所代表的重量因谷物不同而有所差异。1加仑=3.78升1蒲式耳=35.238升Import&ExportpracticesUnitsofMeasurementWeightgram(g),kilogram(kg),ounce(oz),pound(Ib),metricton(M/T),longton,shortton,etc.Numberpiece(pc),package(pkg),pair,set,dozen(doz),gross(gr)ream(rm),etc.Lengthmeter(m),centimeter(cm),foot(ft),yard(yd),etc.Areasquaremeter(sqm),squarefoot(sqft),squareyard(sqyd),etc.Volumecubic-meter(cum)cubiccentimeter(cucm),cubicfoot(ctft),cubicyard(cuyd),etc.Capacityliter(1),gallon(gal),bushel(bu),etc.MeasurementUnitsofQuantityImport&ExportpracticesThesystemaboutmeasurements度量衡制度MetricSystem---公制BritishSystem---英制U.S.System---美制InternationalSystemofUnits---国际单位制《中华人民共和国计量法》第三条中明确规定：“国家采用国际单位制。国际单位制计量单位和国家选定的其他计量单位为国家法定计量单位。”Import&Exportpractices度量衡制度与计量单位在不同的度量衡制度下，同一计量单位，所代表的数量不同。如：吨（Ton）度量衡重量单位公斤市斤磅公制公吨100020002204.6英制长吨1016.0472032.0942240美制短吨907.21814.42000Import&ExportpracticesMethodsofweightCalculationIninternationaltrade,therearemanygoodswhicharecalculatedbyweight.Import&ExportpracticesMethodsofweightCalculation1.GrossWeightGrossweightisthesumoftotalweightofthecommodityitselfandthetare(thepackageweight).SuitableforcommoditieswithlowpriceorlowfreightImport&ExportpracticesMethodsofweightCalculation2.NetWeightBeusedwidelyininternationaltradeNetWeight=GrossWeight-tareweightImport&ExportpracticesGROSSFORNET用于包装与商品价值相差不多马饲料豆，单层麻袋装，每袋100公斤，以毛作净.有些价值较低的农产品或其他商品，有时也采用“以毛作净”(GrossforNet)的办法计重。即以毛重当作净重计价。Import&ExportpracticesThestipulationsofquantityclause(二)机动幅度的选择权(三)溢短装数量的计价方法（一）数量条款规定机动幅度的方法Import&Exportpractices数量条款规定机动幅度的方法NOCLAUSEABOUTCIRCAAPPROXIMATEMOREORLESS约量法溢短装合同中未明确规定Import&Exportpractices1.NOCLAUSEINCONTRACTTofacilitatetheperformanceofcontractandavoiddisputes,thequantityclauseshouldbeclearanddetailed.Thestipulationsofquantityclause《UCP600》规定：除非信用证规定货物的指定数量不得有增减外，在所支付款项不超过信用证金额的条件下，货物数量准许有5%的增减幅度，但以包装单位或个数记数时不适用。Import&Exportpractices2.ApproximateorAboutInaddition,itisimpropertousethoseuncertainwordslikeabout、circa、approximatetodefinethequantity.ThestipulationsofquantityclauseImport&Exportpractices若成交数量前使用“大约”、“近似”等字眼，根据《跟单信用证统一惯例》（以下简称UCP600）的规定，这个约数可解释为交货数量有不超过10%的增减幅度。ThestipulationsofquantityclauseImport&Exportpractices3.moreorlessclauseTostipulatethequantitylatitude:Itmeansthatthesellermaydeliverthegoodswithacertainpercentagemoreorlessinquantity.Thestipulation