•降脂治疗与动脉粥样硬化性疾病•当前中国的血脂控制现状•临床降脂策略的变与不变目录应用IVUS测量动脉粥样斑块负荷研究的总结。A-PLUS,CAMELOT,ILLUSTRATEandSTRADIVARIUS是非他汀研究但是在安慰剂组有患者服用他汀比例分别为:62%,80%、84%、100%和82%).†ILLUSTRATE研究中,阿托伐他汀在导入期以10mg起始,剂量滴定至80mg以使LDL-C达到100mg/dlL下15mg/dL。平均剂量23mg。其后患者在整个研究过程中保持该剂量。CAMELOT中LDL-C水平为基线值,而A-PLUS研究是通过自基线的变化计算得出,ASTEROID和REVERSAL是关于他汀治疗的研究;*ASTEROID、REVERSAL和SATURN中PAV变化的中位数;A-PLUS、CAMELOT、ILLUSTRATE和STRADIVARIUS中PAV变化的最小二乘均数1)NissenSetal.JAMA2004;291:1071–80;2)NissenSetal.JAMA2004;292:2217–2225;3)TardifJetal.Circulation2004;110:3372–77;4)NissenSetal.JAMA2006;295:1556–1565;5)NissenSetal.NEnglJMed2007;356:1304–16;6)NissenSetal.JAMA2008;299:1547-1560;7)NichollsSJetal.NewEngJ.Med.2011:DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1110874进展逆转-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.52.0405060708090100110120PAV变化*AchievedLDL-C(mg/dL)REVERSAL1普伐他汀40mgREVERSAL1阿托伐他汀80mgILLUSTRATE5阿托伐他汀+安慰剂ASTEROID4瑞舒伐他汀40mgSATURN7阿托伐他汀80mgSATURN7瑞舒伐他汀40mgCAMELOT2安慰剂STRADIVARIUS6安慰剂A-PLUS3安慰剂降低LDL-C可稳定甚至逆转动脉粥样硬化斑块强化他汀治疗能否减少斑块脂质成分?DoesAggressiveStatinTherapyReduceCoronaryAtheroscleroticPlaqueLipidContent?ResultsFrom:ReductioninYELlowPlaquebyAggressiveLipidLOWeringTherapy(YELLOW)TrialAnnapoornaSKini,PRMoreno,JKovacic,ALimaye,ZAAli,JSweeny,UBaber,RMehran,GDangas,SKSharmaAnnapoornaSKiniACC.12|Chicago|March2012高剂量他汀治疗可以减少闭塞病变(6-8周)斑块内脂质核心假设主要终点:采用近红外(NIRS)检测短期高剂量他汀治疗后冠脉脂质核心负荷指数lipidcoreburdenindex(LCBI)变化AnnapoornaSKiniACC.12|Chicago|March2012•单中心、前瞻随机单盲研究,入选于MountSinai行择期PCI的严重多支病变患者•在靶血管PCI治疗后,对非靶血管进行分数血流储备(FFR)评估,如果FFR≤0.8入选本研究•非靶血管影像学评估•灰度IVUS•近红外NIRS•随机–标准治疗组vs强化他汀治疗组(瑞舒伐他汀40mg/天)方法AnnapoornaSKiniACC.12|Chicago|March2012冠心病双支或三支病变(n=87)在靶血管PCI治疗后,对非靶血管进行FFR评估FFR≤0.8IVUS,NIRS随机分组标准治疗强化治疗n=43n=44维持原他汀治疗方案瑞舒伐他汀40mg/d双联抗血小板一年双联抗血小板一年随访造影(6-8weeks)FFR,IVUSandNIRS如果FFR≤0.8,植入支架如果FFR0.8药物治疗.核心实验室分析影像学资料*OptimalmedicaltherapyforallpatientsAnnapoornaSKiniACC.12|Chicago|March2012VariableStandard(n=43)Aggressive(n=44)PPAVPercentatheromavolume0.26%0.24%0.98TAV(normalized)-2.4%-0.20.41Plaqueburden,%-1.8%0.06%0.15Plaque+MediaCSA(mm3/mm)-0.8%1.5%0.41Diameterstenosis5.3%-1.0%0.12FFRincreaseto0.804.6%9%0.47AnyFFRincrease,%34.940.90.62VariableStandard(n=43)Aggressive(n=44)PTotalcholesterol,mg/dl(Δ)149±23(5.2±5.4)123±27(-20±4.8)0.001LDL-C,mg/dl(Δ)82±5(-0.2±4.7)60±5(-19±4)0.003HDL-C,mg/dl(Δ)36±11(1.5±0.9)41±9.2(0.6±1.2)0.58Triglycerides,mg/dl(Δ)161±19(17±14)145±20(1.9±7.8)0.34C-reactiveprotein,mg/dl(Δ)3.5±2.9-1.2±0.90.11IVUS/造影指标变化百分比血脂成分变化绝对值配对分析–病变LCBI(脂质核心负荷指数)基线随访LCBI4002000标准强化P=0.47P=0.000833LCBI绝对值降低AnnapoornaSKiniACC.12|Chicago|March2012配对分析–10mmLCBI4002000标准强化800600P0.0001P=0.57基线随访LCBI118LCBI绝对值下降AnnapoornaSKiniACC.12|Chicago|March2012配对分析–4mmLCBI4002000标准强化8006001000LCBIP0.0001P=0.90BaselineFollow-up154LCBI绝对值下降AnnapoornaSKiniACC.12|Chicago|March2012LCBI变化率LesionLCBImLCBI/10mmmLCBI/4mmΔLCBIP=0.04P=0.09P=0.05标准强化AnnapoornaSKiniACC.12|Chicago|March2012BaselineLesionLCBI:259Follow-upMax10mmLCBI:511Max4mmLCBI:802LesionLCBI:177Max10mmLCBI:289Max4mmLCBI:474CaseExamplePlaqueArea5.6mm2PlaqueArea5.5mm2FFR:0.78FFR:0.74结论•短期强化降脂治疗可以降低冠状动脉斑块脂质成分(6-8周)•强化降脂治疗可以改善斑块脂质成分,具有稳定斑块逆转斑块的作用•基于本研究设计的大型随机对照研究(YELLOWII)的长期临床随访结果令人期待AnnapoornaSKiniACC.12|Chicago|March2012JAmCollCardiol.2012;59(13)SupplSxxx以瑞舒伐他汀40mg或阿托伐他汀80mg治疗24周后:020406080100120140160LDL-Cnon-HDL-CApoBHDL-CApoA-1RSV40mgATV80mgp0.0001p0.0001p0.028p=0.01p0.0001N=1039-6.39-4.42-8.0-6.0-4.0-2.00.0RSV(40mg)ATV(80mg)标化TAV变化值(mm3)P=0.01SATURN研究分析:降脂幅度与斑块逆转整个队列的TAV变化与各项血脂生化指标之间的关联度指标r(相关系数)pLDL-C0.110.0007non-HDL-C0.10.002LDL-C/HDL-C0.090.002ApoB0.090.004ApoB/A-I0.070.03HDL-C-0.010.79ApoA-I0.020.55“与具有保护性的脂质相比,致动脉粥样硬化性的脂质水平对斑块体积变化更密切。这一发现让我们洞见了为什么瑞舒伐他汀组实现了更佳的斑块逆转。”Achievedlevelsofatherogeniclipidlevelsassociatemorecloselywithchangesinatheromavolumecomparedwithchangesinprotectivelipidvariables.Thesefindingsprovidemechanisticinsightintothegreaterdegreeofregressionobservedinrosuvastatin-treatedpatients.“——StephenJ.NichollsJAmCollCardiol.2012;59(13)SupplSxxxSATURN研究分析:降脂幅度与斑块逆转ICUHInstituteofCardiologyUnionHospital调脂治疗最终结果与冠脉粥样斑块消退的比较临床试验药物最终LDL-Cmmol/L最终ApoBmmol/LHDL-C变化%Apo-A1变化%CRP变化%PAV变化%TAV变化mm3SUTURN瑞舒伐他汀40mg/dn=5201.621.88+11.2+14.6-35.3-1.22**-6.39**阿托伐他汀80mg/dn=5191.821.95+8.7+9.1-33.3-0.99**-4.42*P值0.0010.030.010.0010.050.170.01REVERSAL阿托伐他汀80mg/dn=2532.042.38+2.9—-36.4+0.2†-0.4†普伐他汀40mg/dn=2492.863.06+5.6—-5.2+1.6**+2.7**P值0.0010.0010.060.0010.0010.02ASTEROID瑞舒伐他汀40mg/d1.571.93+14.7+8.9—-0.79**-12.5**COSMOS瑞舒伐他汀16.9mg/d2.152.00+19.8+17.0-18.1—-5.1**与基线比,†p0.05,组间比*p0.01,**p0.001廖玉华,诸骏仁。临床心血管病杂志,2012,28(1):1-3LDL-C促进斑块进展ApoA1/HDL-C促进斑块消退ICUHInstituteofCardiologyUnionHospitalLDL和HDL代谢与胆固醇转运LPL=lipoproteinlipase;CE=cholesterolester;FC=freecholesterol;PL=pancreaticlipaseNEnglJMed2007;356:1304-1316CETPICUHInstituteofCardiologyUnionHospitalHDL代谢途径与胆固醇逆转运Cla-1/SR-BI受体外周细胞Preb-HDLABCA-1受体乳糜微粒残体乳糜微粒肠道肝脏合成肝脏肝脏分解LPL游离胆固醇ApoA-I肠道合成ApoA-IIHDLVLDLLDLTGCETP①②③•降脂治疗与动脉粥样硬化性疾病-对于LDL-C降低与斑块逆转之间的过程有了更直观的了解,临床LDL-C降低达标意义更大•当前中国的血脂控制现状•临床降脂策略的变与不变目录我们面临的现状1985至2005年中国冠心病患者死亡率“Mortalityrateandriskfactors.”ChinaUnionMedicalUniversityPress2005我国的冠心病死亡率以约30%/10年的增幅持续上升1200000-10