科宝肉鸡饲养管理

ResearchandDevelopmentWorldTechSupportFeedingTheCobbBroiler科宝肉鸡饲养管理AndrewBourne–BroilerSpecialist(WorldTechnicalSupport)AndrewBourne-肉鸡专家（世界技术支持）ResearchandDevelopmentWorldTechSupportFeed&Management饲料&饲养管理A.GenetictrendsWhattoexpectinthefuture?B.WhatRation?LEASTCOSTC.ChickStartHowToMaximiseFeedIntakeA。育种趋势未来可以期待什么？B。衡量的标准（量化标准是什么）？最低成本C。育雏如何摄入最多的饲料ResearchandDevelopmentWorldTechSupportA.GENETICTRENDS育种趋势ResearchandDevelopmentWorldTechSupportAnnualImprovementRatesCobb500科宝500每年的遗传进展率Trait项目Improvement进展Weight体重50g（克）FeedConversion饲料转化率-0.02EvisceratedYield酮体0.1%BreastMeat胸肉0.3%Eggs/HenHoused入舍母鸡产蛋1ResearchandDevelopmentWorldTechSupportSelectionPressureonBodyWt.体重方面的选种压力200021002200230024002500260027001996199719981999200020012002200320042005BodyWt.(grams)ResearchandDevelopmentWorldTechSupportCobbMalePerformance科宝公鸡性能Trait项目19942003DIFFERENCE差异Wtat4242日龄体重2076g2848g770gWtat5656日龄体重3082g4064g982gDays-2kg2公斤需要的天数40.932.98daysDays-3kg3公斤需要的天数54.843.611.2daysResearchandDevelopmentWorldTechSupportAvian48/Cobb500AVIAN48/科宝500GrandParent祖代Maleline公系Femaleline母系Line35xLine35Line58xLine12Line44Line12ParentStock父母代MaleParent父母代公鸡FemaleParent父母代母鸡Broiler肉鸡ResearchandDevelopmentWorldTechSupportHybridVigor–ImprovedLivabilityandFCR.LittledifferenceinBW&FCRcomparedtoCobb500Cobb500-Breastmuscleiswider.Avian48-Breastmusclelonger&narrowReducedBreastYieldBUTincreasedDrumStick≈SimilarWOGyield.高效性能-成活率和肉料比更好与科宝500相比，体重和肉料笔差异很小科宝500-胸肉更宽AVIAN48-胸肉更长更窄胸肉率减少，但腿肉更多≈出肉率相似CharacteristicsoftheAvian48VSCobb500AVIAN48与科宝500特点对照ResearchandDevelopmentWorldTechSupportB.THELEASTCOSTWAYORTHECOBBWAY最低成本的方式或科宝的方式ResearchandDevelopmentWorldTechSupportLowDensityNutrition低营养饲料TheEconomics经济性Theobviouswaytoincreaseprofitabilityisbyreducingthecostperkgofliveweightproduced.提高经济效益的最好方法是降低活鸡的每公斤生产成本Manycompanies,however,measureproductionefficiencywithindicatorslikeEPEF(FeedConversion,MortalityandAverageDailyGain)然而，许多公司喜欢使用如EPEF的指标去衡量生产效率（饲料转化率，死亡率和每天增重）AdrivetomaximiseBroilerphysicalperformanceisnotalwaysthemostcosteffectivebusinessstrategy最求肉鸡的最高生长表现不一定是最有效的经济策略ResearchandDevelopmentWorldTechSupportManagingBroilersforProfit为盈利为目的去管理肉鸡AdjustingNutrientDensitytothebird’srequirement根据肉鸡的要求调整营养标准%reductioninfeedcost–Lysine-doesnotalwaysresultinthesame%increaseinFCR!!!饲料成本下降的幅度%-赖氨酸-不一定导致肉料比数值提高相同的幅度%Dependingoninitiallevels-areductioninnutrientdensity(essentialAminoAcids)MAYnotcauseperformanceloss.与最初的营养水平相关–营养水平的下降（必须的氨基酸）不一定导致性能的下降Lysine–Indicatorofthecostofaration赖氨酸-成本的合理指标ResearchandDevelopmentWorldTechSupport6070809010011065707580859095100105110115120125130135140145Lysinelevel,%relativetoNRCResponses,%relativeto100%BodyWtFCRWMYieldEffectsofLysineonBW,FCR&WMyield赖氨酸对体重、肉料比和WM的影响LEASTCOSTWAY最低的成本方式OptimumLysineLevel最佳的赖氨酸水平ResearchandDevelopmentWorldTechSupportLocalChangeFCRvs.FeedCost/kg肉料比（FCR）VS.每公斤饲料成本Customersneedtobeconvincedthatnutritionrequirementsaredifferent.Cobbbirdsarefed“cheaper”rationsthantheOTHERBREEDS.我们要说服肉鸡饲养户，科宝肉鸡的营养要求是不同的。科宝肉鸡需要比其它品种更加“低廉”的饲料FCRisnolongeravalidcomparativeindex…FeedCost/kgistheindex(FCRxDietCost)肉料比（FCR）不再是有效的比较指标每公斤的饲料成本才是有效的指标（FCRx配方成本）ResearchandDevelopmentWorldTechSupportEssentialNutrients基本营养要求AreasNOTtocompromiseon不能降低的方面MineralandVitaminNutrition微量元素和矿物营养RapidGrowthusually=highfeedconsumption=morerapidpassageofdigestathroughthegut=shorterperiodforabsorptionofsomekeynutrients.通常，生长速度快=饲料消耗量高=内脏消化液的分泌更快=营养成分的吸收时间更短Caabsorptionisabout50%,however,thisdeclineswithincreasingfeedintake.钙的吸收大概是50%，然而，却随着饲料摄入的增加而下降STARTERGROWERFINISHERCalcium%钙1.051.000.90Av.Phosphorus%0.500.480.45VitaminD3(MIU/t)维生素D35.05.05.0Highearlygrowthpotential–VERYIMPORTANTthatlevelsofseveralkeymicronutrientsarenotcompromised.早期生长速度潜力高–几种微量元素的水平不能降低，很重要ResearchandDevelopmentWorldTechSupportResponsetoEnergy对能量的反应EffectsonFCR对FCR的影响Likeallbirds,theCobbbirdrespondstolowerenergybyEATINGMORE!!.CobbEnergySpecificationsareLOWERthantheOTHERBREEDS.Reducingconsumptionbyincreasingenergytohighlevelsis–VERYDANGEROUS-thebird’sappetiteisenormous!UseCobbdietsfortheintendedperiods.Example:GrowerRation-isNOTintendedtogoover22days.EnergyistoolowandFCRislostquicklyResearchandDevelopmentWorldTechSupportAVIAN48FeedFormulationAVIAN48饲料配方StarterGrowerFinisher1Finisher2FEEDINGAMOUNT/bird250g1000gFEEDINGAMOUNTdays0–1011-2223–4242+CrudeProtein%22.0020.0019.0017.50MetabolisableMJ/kg12.5112.9213.2913.42EnergyKcal/kg2990309031763208Lysine%1.251.201.121.07DigLysine%1.101.060.990.95Methionine%0.510.520.500.48DigMethionine%0.450.470.450.43Met+Cys%0.930.940.920.88DigMet+Cys%0.810.820.810.77Tryptophan%0.200.200.200.19Threonine%0.830.820.790.75Arginine%1.321.291.221.17Calcium%1.000.960.900.90Av.Phosphorus%0.500.480.450.45Sodium%0.200.170.160.16Chloride%0.200.200.200.20LinoleicAcid%1.251.251.001.00Cal:ProteinRatio136154167183ResearchandDevelopmentWorldTechSupportCobb500FeedFormulation科宝500饲料配方StarterGrowerFinisher1Finisher2FEEDINGAMOUNT/bird250g1000gFEEDINGPERIODdays0-1011-2122-4242+Protein%21.0019.0018.0017.00MetabolisableMJ/kg12.5012.9013.2913.29EnergyKcal/kg2