英美文学9

W.Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚dramatist,manoftheatre,andpoetHewasbornon23April1564anddiedon23April1616.LifeStoryHisbirthdayistraditionallycelebratedon23,April,whichisthedateofhisdeath.CommentsbytheContemporaries1.EdmondSpenser,RobertGreeneTheriseandsuccessof“anupstartcrow”(用美丽的羽毛装饰起来的狂妄自大的乌鸦)2.FrancisMeres:oneoftheleadingfiguresofthetimeand“themostexcellent”inbothcomedyandtragedyCommentsbytheContemporariesAhandsome,well-shapedman,verygoodcompany（同伴，朋友）,andofaveryready（敏捷的）andpleasantsmooth（平和的）wit（大智）The“gentle（文雅的）Shakespeare”,“gentleWill”BenJonson’sCommentsblotout:抹掉;malevolent:恶意的;posterity:子孙,后代;fault:出错;justify:证明;candour:坦率;idolatry:崇拜偶像;fantasy:幻想;notions概念,想法;flowwith:富有;facility:熟练,技巧;suchlike:一类;redeem:拯救,解救homage:敬意;oweto:归功于p.55—56AChronologicalListofShakespeare’sPlays（thefirst）1.Thefirstperiodofearlyapprenticeship:1)HenryVI,PartII,III,I《亨利六世上、中、下》2)RichardIII《里查德三世》3)TheComedyofErrors《错误的喜剧》《错中错》4)TitusAndronicus《泰特斯·安庄尼克斯》AChronologicalListofShakespeare’sPlays(thefirst)5)TheTamingoftheShrew《驯悍妇》6)TheTwoGentlemenofVerona《维洛那二绅士》7)Love’sLabor’sLost《爱的徒劳》《空爱一场》8)RomeoandJuliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》AChronologicalListofShakespeare’sPlays(the2nd)2.thesecondperiodofrapidgrowthandmaturity:1)RichardII《里查德二世》2)AMidsummerNight’sDream《仲夏夜之梦》3)KingJohn《约翰王》4)TheMerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》AChronologicalListofShakespeare’sPlays(the2nd)5)HenryIV,PartI;HenryIV,PartII《亨利四世》6)MuchAdoaboutNothing《无事自扰》《无事生非》7)HenryV《亨利五世》8)TheMerryWivesofWindsor《温莎的风流女人》AChronologicalListofShakespeare’sPlays(the2nd)9)JuliusCaesar《凯撒大帝》10)AsYouLikeIt《如愿》《皆大欢喜》11)TwelfthNight《第十二夜》3.thethirdperiodofGloomandSadness:1)Hamlet《哈姆雷特》2)TroilusandCressida《特洛埃勒斯与克莱西达》3)All’sWellThatEndsWell《终成眷属》4)MeasureforMeasure《恶有恶报》《一报还一报》5)Othello《奥塞罗》AChronologicalListofShakespeare’sPlays(thethird)6)KingLear《李尔王》7)Macbeth《麦克白》《麦克佩斯》8)AntonyandCleopatra《安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉》9)Coriolanus《科利奥兰纳斯》10)TimonofAthens《雅典的泰蒙》AChronologicalListofShakespeare’sPlays(the4th)4.thefourthperiodofcalmafterstorm:1)Pericles《波里克利斯》2)Cymbeline《辛柏林》3)TheWinter’sTales《冬天的故事》4)TheTempest《暴风雨》5)HenryVIII《亨利八世》FourperiodsofShakespeare’sDramaticCompositionThefirstperiodofearly:Experimentsinanumberofdramaticform:1.Thehistoricalplay2.Varietiesofcomedy3.Therevengetragedy4.Theromantictragedy5.Narrativepoems1.VenusandAdonis《维纳斯和阿道尼斯》2.TheRapeofLucrece《露克丽丝受辱记》apprenticeshipTheFirstPeriodofApprenticeship(1590—1594)Shakespeare’sfirsttheatricalsuccess:HenryVI,inthreeactsHenryVI,PartIHenryVI,PartIIHenryVI,PartIIIRichardIIIfirsthistoricaltetralogy(四部曲)historyoftheWaroftheRosesrecenthistoryofEnglandFourComediesintheFirstPeriodTheComedyofErrorsTheTwoGentlemenofVeronaTheTamingoftheShrewLove’sLover’sLostcomicconfusionsinthesamecity,inoneday,twinbrotherswiththeirtwinservantsValentine,ProteusSilvia,JuliaKatharine,Petruchio彼得鲁乔KingofNavarreandhisthreelordsPrincessofFranceandthreeofherattendantladiesEarliestsuccessfultragedy:RomeoandJulietTwofamiliesinVerona:bitterenmity仇恨theCapuletsandtheMontaguesafeast—Romeo—love—secretmarriage—kill—banishment(流放)—marryParis,ayoungnobleman—sleepingpotion—profoundsleep—poison,die—stabwithdaggerThoughatragedy,thereisnotinge(hint)ofpessimismintheplay.Itisasongofyouthandtruelove.WritingFeaturesoftheFirstPeriod1.concernedwiththeaffairsofyouthandfullofromanticsentiment2.earlyhistoryplays,handlepoliticalthemesandgivehistoricallessons3.extraordinaryfacility(熟练)inexpressionandafelicity(恰当)inthechoiceofphrasesandepithets(表示性质、特征的形容词)FeaturesoftheFirstPeriod4.notsomuchoncharacterasonfineorwittyspeechandsituationatfirst5.mistakenidentity,thebestsourceoffun6.historicalaccuracy,notsostrictlyregarded7.anincreasinginsightintocharacterandmind,agoodcommandofcharacterizationinRomeoandJulietFeaturesintheFirstPeriod8.poeticaldramas:importantdialoguesandsoliloquies(独白)assume(采取……形式)theformofpoetry9.theinfluenceofMarlowe,blankverseindramawhichdevelopedintoahappyvehicle(means)toexpressallkindsofthoughtandemotionfreelyTheSecondPeriodofRapidGrowthandMaturity(1594—1600)Aperiodofgreatcomediesandmaturehistoricalplays:1)6comedies,2)5historicalplays,3)aRomantragedy,4)andsomesonnets.TheSecondPeriodofRapidGrowthandMaturity(1594—1600)advanceineverywayknowledgewisdompoliticalinsightdramaticskillcreativepowercharacterizationversification(作诗)TheSecondPeriodofRapidGrowthandMaturity(1594—1600)Incomedies,thegeneralspiritisoptimism.redolent芬芳的,pure,green,flowers,sunshine,gladness,youthfullaughtersorrow,pathos,sin,innocentsufferguilty,unpunishedVirtueshallhaveitsrewardandtriumphandthewrongshalldisappearbeforetheforcesofgoodTheSecondPeriodofRapidGrowthandMaturity(1594—1600)Inthehistoricalplaysofthesecondperiod,differentphases(stage,period)ofEnglishlifeareshownbeforeus:…courtiers(朝臣)…tavern(小酒馆,小旅馆)…rogues(流氓,无赖)ThesecondperiodisShakespeare’ssweetandjoyfultime,portrayingamagnificentpanorama(view)ofthemanifold(various)pursuitsofpeopleinreallife.TheSecondPeriodofRapidGrowthandMaturity(1594—1600)Thereisagreatliftincharacterization.1.agalleryofheroinesofthecomedies由衷的,完全的ungrudgingandunres