中国石化专业技术人员英语学习参考用书(高级)

1/216中国石化专业技术人员英语学习参考用书（试用版）目录第一部分通用英语UNIT1-UNIT30┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈1-127第二部分石油化工专业英语油气工程UNIT1-UNIT20┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈128-176炼化工程UNIT1-UNIT20┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈177-2162/216第一部分通用英语UNIT1HowtobeHappyInthepasttwoweekswehavelookedatthehappinessformuladefinedbypositivepsychologistMartinSeligman,whereH(happiness)=S(yourbiologicalsetpointforfeelinghappy)+C(theconditionsofyourlife)+V(thevoluntarychoicesyoumake).Thisweekwelookattheconditionsinlifethatcanimproveourhappinessquotient.Step1:PeaceandquietJonathonHaidtinhisexcellentbook,'TheHappinessHypothesis',notesthatresearchshowsthatwecannevercompletelyadapttoneworchronicnoisepollution.Loudnoisestriggeroneofourmostprimitivefearresponses(theotheristhefearoffalling)andwecanneverfullyrelaxifwearesurroundedbyintrusivenoise.Noisyneighboursareoneofthemostemotivecausesofdomesticupsetforaverygoodreason.Itisessentialtohavesomepeaceandquieteveryday.Ifyouareunfortunateenoughtolivesomewherenoisy,persistwithcomplainingtoyourlocalcouncil.Additionally,trywearingwaxearplugstogiveyousomerespite.IfyouneedyourTV,radioormusicuploud,wearingheadphonesdemonstratesaltruismtoyourneighbours,whichwillmakeyouandthemfeelgood.Step2:RelationshipsThisisthemostimportantofalltheexternalconditionsthatcanimproveyourhappinessquotient.Oftenourdeepestsourcesofunhappinessarefoundinpoorrelationshipswithothers.Acolleagueatworkwhobulliesordismissesuscreatesuntoldwretchedness.Acruellyconflictualrelationshipwithapartnerorloverleavesusfeelingbetrayedandabandoned.Arelationshipwithourparentsorchildrenwhichisnotbasedoncompassionate,unconditionalregardcreatesisolationandmisery.Weneverfullyadapttohostilerelationships,they3/216invidiouslycontaminateourwellbeing,squattinginsideourmindsasunresolved,destructiveruminations.Whenfacedwithsuchrelationships,themostpositivethingwecandoistoeithermendtherelationshipbyconfrontingwhatisgoingwrongorlearntomoveon.Step3:ShareIfyouhavediscoveredconditionsorchoicesinlifethathavesignificantlyimprovedyourwellbeing,Iwouldliketosharethemwithreaders.Passingonwhatworksisessentialtoimproveourownandthewellbeingofothers.如何获得幸福：寻找幸福公式？过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁塞利格曼定义的。H(幸福)=S(个人生理幸福感受的固定指数)+C(个人生活状态)+V(个人主观选择)本周我们将着眼于能提升幸福指数的生活状态。第一步：平和宁静乔纳森海迪在他的优秀著作《幸福假说》当中提到，研究调查显示，我们不可能完全适应噪音污染，无论是新近的还是长期的。巨大噪声会引起我们某种面对恐惧本能反映(另一种是对于坠落的恐惧)，如果周遭噪音喧闹，我们不可能完全放松。这样看来，吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和起到很大影响。每日保持平和宁静事关重要。如果不幸你生活环境比较吵，请一定要坚持去居委会投诉。另外，试试实用耳塞，可能会缓解噪声。如果你一定要大声看电视听收银放音乐的话，记得戴上耳机，别影响邻里，这样可以使双方都感到舒适。第二步：人际关系这是增加幸福指数的一条至关重要的内部条件。我们感到不快乐的最深层原因，往往就是人际关系欠佳。如果一个在职同事对我们表示威吓的话，会造成难以言语的抑郁情绪。与拍档或者爱人的关系陷入残酷竞争之4/216中，会让我们感到背叛和背弃。与父母孩子之间的关系缺乏同情心和无私关心，那么这会造成隔阂生产痛苦。我们不可能适应这种敌对关系，这种不良的人际关系会损害身心健康，长久留存在我们心里，会让人陷入无以解决的恶性心理困境。当我们面临这类问题时，最好的办法，就是直面难题，挽救关系，或者学着继续前进。第三步：分享如果你发觉生活状态或者做的某项决定对幸福生活有极大帮助的话，我很想将其和读者们分享。将有用的发现与更多人分享，这对增进自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有积极作用。1.What’sthehappinessformulaaccordingtopassage?TheformulareferstoH(happiness)=S(yourbiologicalsetpointforfeelinghappy)+C(theconditionsofyourlife)+V(thevoluntarychoicesyoumake).2．Whycanwenevercompletelyadapttoneworchronicnoisepollution?Loudnoisestriggeroneofourmostprimitivefearresponsesandwecanneverfullyrelaxifwearesurroundedbyintrusivenoise.3．Howcouldwemakebothourselvesandtheneighborsfeelgood?IfweneedourTV,radioormusicuploud,wearingheadphonesdemonstratesourkindnessandconsiderationtoourneighbors.4．Wheredoestheunhappinesscomefrom?Ourunhappinessoftencomesfrompoorrelationshipwithothers.5．whatisthepositivewaytofacewiththecruellyconflictualrelationship?Whatyoucandoistoeithermendtherelationshipbyconfrontingwhatisgoingwrongorlearntomoveon.Exercises5/216A．汉译英1．吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和有很大影响。Noisyneighborsareoneofthemajorcausesofdomesticupset.2．在职场上，如果一个同事对我们表示威吓的话，会造成难以言表的抑郁情绪。Acolleagueatworkwhobulliesordismissesuscreatesuntoldwretchedness.3．我们不可能适应这种敌对关系，这种不良的人际关系会损害身心健康。Wecanneverfullyadapttohostilerelationship,whichinevitablydamageourwellbeing.4．如果这种坏情绪长时间留在人们的心里，会让人陷入无法解决的恶性心理困境。Ifthisbadmoodstaysinsideourmind,itwillleadustoanunresolveddestructivedepression.5．我们不应当回避这些问题，而是要正确面对它们。Weshouldnotavoidtheseproblemsbutfacetheminstead.B．英译汉Therearemanybenefitstobeinghappy.Happierpeopletendtobehealthier,livelongerandearnmore.Theyalsotendtovolunteermore,bebetteratrelationshipsandsmilemoreofwhatpsychologistscall“Duchenne”orgenuinesmiles.Lesswellunderstoodiswhyhappinessiscontagious.幸福有许多好处。更幸福的人往往更健康、更长寿、挣得更多。他们通常也会从事更多的志愿工作、更善于处理人际关系、发出更多心理学家所说的“杜兴微笑”(Duchennesmile)，即真诚的微笑。让人不太理解的是，为什么幸6/216福可以传染。AccordingtoJamesFowlerandNicholasChristakis,authorsoftheinternationalbestsellerConnected,peoplesurroundedbymanyhappyfriends,familymembersandneighbourswhoarecentraltotheirsocialnetworkbecomesignificantlyhappierinthefuture.Morespecifically,theysaywewillbecome25percenthappierwithourlifeifafriendwholiveswithinamileofusbecomessignificantlyhappierwithhisorherlife.全球畅销书Connected的作者詹姆斯•福勒(JamesFowler)和尼古拉斯•克里斯塔基斯(NicholasChristakis)发现，如果你身边那些人际网络中重要的朋友、家人与邻居，有许多都很幸福，那么你将来也会幸福很多。他们表示，更准确地说，如果居住在离你1英里内的一个朋友生活幸福感得到显著提升，你的生活幸福感就会增加25%。Similareffectsareseeninco-residentspouses(8percenthappier);siblingswholivewithinamileofeachother(14percent);and