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Unit5ThepowerofnaturePeriod2LearningaboutLanguage动词-ing形式作状语【温故知新】用所给词的适当形式完成下列句子并体会各句中-ing形式的共同特点。①Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmosphere_______(cause)theglobaltemperaturetogoup.②Sometimes________(work)outdoorsandsometimes_______(meet)localpeopleandtourists,Iamneverbored.causingworkingmeeting③_______________(collect)andevaluatedtheinformation,Ihelpotherscientiststopredictwherelavafromthevolcanowillflownextandhowfast.④______________(work)hardallday,Iwenttobedearly.⑤______________(study)volcanoesnowformanyyears,Iamstillamazedattheirbeautyaswellastheirpotentialtocausegreatdamage.HavingcollectedHavingworkedHavingstudied【考点诠解】Ⅰ.动词-ing形式作状语的分类可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果、伴随状语。1.表时间(1)________________(当听到这个消息),theyalldancedforjoy.(2)____________________(在这个工厂工作),hewasanadvancedworker.2.表条件______________(如果整天玩),youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.HearingthenewsWorkinginthefactoryPlayingallday3.表让步____________(尽管感到累),hewentonrunning.4.表方式Hecame____________(跑回来)totellmethenews.5.表原因_______(因为生病了),hedidn’tgotoschool.6.表结果(多用于句尾)Hedroppedtheglass,____________________(结果打成了碎片).7.表伴随Theystoodbytheroadside___________________(讨论这个计划).FeelingtiredrunningbackBeingillbreakingitintopiecestalkingabouttheplanⅡ.动词-ing形式作状语的七点注意事项1.动词-ing的时态现在分词有一般式(doing)和完成式(havingdone)之分；现在分词的完成式表示分词动作发生在谓语动作之前。(1)_______________________(向窗外看),Isawgroupsofchildrenplaygames.(2)_____________________(完成了他的任务),hewenttohelphisclassmates.LookingoutofthewindowHavingfinishedhistask2.动词-ing的语态现在分词一般式的被动语态(beingdone)表示某被动动作正在进行；现在分词完成式的被动语态(havingbeendone)表示某被动动作发生在谓语动作之前。(1)__________(被建)now,ourlibrarywillbeopennextyear.(2)__________________________(被告知了很多次),hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.BeingbuiltHavingbeentoldmanytimes【悟一悟➡参透误区】动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式作状语时的区别动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语为句子的主语，且它们之间为主动关系；而动词-ed形式作状语时，其逻辑主语为句子的主语，且它们之间为被动关系。*Arrivingattheairport,hesawhisguestwalkingout.他一到达机场，就看见客人正走出来。*Completedlastmonth,theprojecthasbeguntobenefitpeoplearoundhere.上个月完工，这项工程已经开始使周围的人受益。3.动词-ing的否定式现在分词的否定形式由not/never加现在分词构成。(1)_______________________________(由于不知道他的电话号码),wecouldn’tgetintouchwithhim.(2)____________________________(由于没有收到他的答复),Idecidedtopayavisittohim.NotknowinghistelephonenumberNothavingreceivedhisanswer4.动词-ing的独立主格结构若作状语的现在分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，分词要带上自己的逻辑主语构成独立主格结构。(1)Themeeting_________(结束了),wealldrovehome.(2)Time__________(允许)，Iwillattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.(3)__________________(没有汽车了),wehadtogohomeonfoot.beingoverpermittingTherebeingnobus【悟一悟➡参透误区】除了动词-ing形式之外，动词-ed及动词不定式也可以有独立主格结构。*Herglassesbroken(=Becauseherglasseswerebroken),shecouldn’tseethewordsontheblackboard.因为眼镜坏了，她看不清黑板上的字。*Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane,someoldpartstohelp.借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。5.动词-ing形式与状语从句的转换动词-ing形式作状语在句法功能上相当于一个状语从句或并列句。(1)Workinghardwithastrongwill,youcanalsomakeadifference.=___________hardwithastrongwill,youcanalsomakeadifference.(2)Hearingacryforhelp,herushedout.=_______________acryforhelp,herushedout.(3)Hestoodtheresilently,waitingforheranswer.=Hestoodtheresilently,____waitedforheranswer.IfyouworkWhenheheardand6.不受主语限制的动词-ing形式generally/frankly/roughlyspeaking一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说;judgingby/from...从……来看，依据……来判断;seeingthat考虑到;supposingthat假如;talking/speakingof谈及……;taking...intoconsideration把……考虑在内;considering...鉴于/考虑到……;following继……之后;concerning关于;owingto...由于……。(1)_________________(一般说来),girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.(2)_________(假设)youlose,whatwillyoudo?(3)____________(从……判断)hisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.(4)_________(谈到)travel,haveyoueverbeentoBeijing?GenerallyspeakingSupposingJudgingfromTalkingof7.动词-ing作状语时，在其前可加上when,while,once,aslongas/solongas,unless,before,after,since,until,though,although,asif/asthough,evenif/eventhough等，表示特殊的含义:*Hefellasleepwhilereading.他看书时睡着了。*Whilecrossingtheroad,youcan’tbetoocareful.过马路时，你再小心也不为过。【当堂检测】用所给词的适当形式填空。1.(2014·湖南高考)Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,_______(stare)atthenightsky.【解析】staring。考查非谓语动词。句意：没有什么比躺在草坪中央凝视夜空更惬意的事了。根据语境，stare与其句中隐含的逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，故用v.-ing形式的一般式，在句中作伴随状语,表示与lying同时发生。2.(2014·江西高考)_______(spend)nearlyallourmoney,wecouldn’taffordtostayatahotel.【解析】Havingspent。考查非谓语动词。句意：几乎把所有的钱都花光了，我们住不起旅店了。非谓语动词与其逻辑主语we之间是主动关系,并且发生在主句的谓语动词couldn’tafford表示的动作之前，表示原因。3.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Igottotheofficeearlierthatday,________(catch)the7:30trainfromPaddington.【解析】havingcaught。考查非谓语动词。句意：因为赶上了来自Paddington的7:30的火车，所以那天我较早到达了办公室。根据句意可知，catch这一动作和主语I之间是主动关系，且发生在谓语动作之前，所以用havingdone的形式。4.(2013·湖南高考)Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,_______(bathe)themountainingoldenlight.【解析】bathing。考查非谓语动词。句意：天空中太阳开始升起，使山脉沐浴在金色的阳光中。thesun与bathe构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用v.-ing形式作状语。bathe沐浴，使沐浴。5.(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather________(permit).【解析】permitting。考查独立主格结构。句意：如果天气允许，晚会就在花园里举行。根据句子结构可知，此处weatherpermitting是独立主格结构，相当于ifweatherpermits。6.(2012·湖南高考)Thelecture,_______(start)at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.【解析】starting。考查非谓语动词。句意：于昨晚七点开始的讲座之后是通过望远镜观察月亮。lecture与start构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式作定语。