AbstractwritingByShaojiaqing国际医学杂志编辑委员会ICMJE•生物医学杂志投稿统一要求UniformRequirementsforManuscriptsSubmittedtoBiomedicalJournals(URMSBJ)医学科研论文的格式医学科研论文必须具备以下几个部分:•(1)标题(title)•(2)摘要(abstract)•(3)引言(introduction)•(4)材料和方法(materialsandmethods)•(5)结果(results)•(6)讨论(discussion)•(7)致谢(acknowledgement)•(8)参考文献(references)一、标题(一)要求•1.简明扼要(shortandconcise)•(1)尽量控制在一行,但不是一个句子•(2)不超过25个单词或120-140个字母•(3)除DNA、RNA、CT等不用缩写•2.信息丰富(informative)•3.便于索引(indexing)•4.较长标题可采用副标题•标题通常为名词短语•一般不包含谓语动词•疑问句时,可以使用谓语动词。(二)标题写作中注意点(二)标题写作中常用词组和表达方式1.用…(方法/手段)对…进行研究/分析/观察/评价:Study(analysis/observation/evaluation/assessment)of(on)…(by)using方法/with工具)Invivostudyofpituitaryenlargementinnormalpregnancyusingmagneticresonanceimaging2.A对B的作用EffectofAonBProtectiveeffectofomeprazoleonendothelin-inducedgastricmucosalinjury3.A与B的关系Correlation(relation/relationship)betweenAandBCorrelationofAwithBandCPositivecorrelationofCD44v6expressionwithinvasionandmetastasisofgastriccancer(二)标题写作中常用词组和表达方式4.用…治疗…Useof…inthetreatmentof…(病)in…(生物)Useofomeprazoleinthetreatmentofgastriculcer5.A是BAasBC-reactiveproteinasapredictorofmyocardialinfarctioninICUpatients.title写作举例•Retinalarteriolarchangeisanindicatorofcoronaryarterydisease.•Retinalarteriolarchangeasanindicatorofcoronaryarterydisease.title写作举例•PreliminaryexperienceinusinghighdoseofmethotrexatetotreatALL.•Highdosemethotrexatetherapyinacutelymphocyticleukemiatitle写作举例•Astudyoftherelationshipbetweenthecontentofpotassiumindietandbloodpressure•Dietpotassiumandbloodpressuretitle写作举例•Aretrospectivestudyon170consecutivecasesofabdominalpainintheemergencyroom•Abdominalpainintheemergencyroom:Retrospectivestudyon170consecutivecasestitle写作举例•UseMRItoconductaninvivostudyontheenlargementofthepituitaryglandduringnormalpregnancy•Pituitaryglandenlargementduringnormalpregnancy:Aninvivostudyusingmagneticresonanceimagingtitle写作举例•Apreliminarystudyondoses,durationandsideeffectsofVitamineDinpreventionofcoloncancer•VitamineDandpreventionofcoloncancer:Doses,durationandsideeffectstitle写作举例•AcasereportofSLEappearingpancreatitisandreviewofliteratures•Pancreatitisinsystemiclupuserythematosus(SLE):Acasereportandreviewoftheliteraturetitle写作举例•Ischronicabdominalpainasurgicalsymptomorapsychiatricsymptom?•Chronicabdominalpain:Asurgicalorpsychiatricsymptom?•Leptin:Anindependentriskfactorofinsulinresistance?Reducedplasmatissuetypeplasminogenactivatorinacutecoronarysyndromepatientswithvulnerableplaque伴有不稳定性斑块的急性冠脉综合征患者血浆组织型纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂下降Reducedplasmatissuetypeplasminogenactivatorasapredictorofvulnerableplaqueinpatientswithacutecoronarysyndrome血浆组织型纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂下降是急性冠脉综合征患者不稳定性斑块的预测指标修改后:Relationshipbetweentissuetypeplasminogenactivatorandcoronaryvulnerableplaqueinpatientswithacutecoronarysyndrome原题目:Studieson…Investigationon…Preliminaryobservationon…Thesignificanceof…Acasereportof…不要使用无意义的词×××××ExperimentstudyontheeffectofSheng-Maiinjectiononthecontractivityofdiaphragmanditsmechanism×EffectofSheng-MaiinjectiononthecontractivityofdiaphragminratsStudyonthedetectionhostcellularimmunityafterinoculationofhumancytomegalovirusDNAvaccinebyflowcytometryHostcellularimmunityafterinoculationofhumancytomegalovirusDNAvaccineanalyzedbyflowcytometryinmice×VII.英文题目修改后:原题目:修改后:原题目:Abstract•目的(objective/purpose/aim)•方法(materialsandmethods)•结果(results)•结论(conclusion)论文摘要的作用:“Thefunctionoftheabstractofascientificpaperistoprovideanoverviewofthepapersothatthereadersknowthemainstoryandafewessentialdetailsofyourworkwithoutreadingthewholetextofthepaper.Theabstractshouldmakesensebothwhenreadaloneandwhenreadwiththepaper.”–URMSBJ摘要写作中的注意事项冠词。主要是定冠词the易被漏用。the用于表示整个群体、分类、时间、地名以外的独一无二的事物、形容词最高级等较易掌握,用于特指时常被漏用。这里有个原则,即当我们用the时,听者或读者已经确知我们所指的是什么。例如:Themachineisoperatedwith(the)solarenergy.摘要写作中的注意事项1)特指双方都明白的人或物:Takethemedicine.把药吃了。2)上文提到过的人或事:Heboughtahouse.I’vebeentothehouse.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3)指世上独一物二的事物:thesun,thesky,themoon,theearth4)单数名词连用表示一类事物:如:thedollar美元;thefox狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:therich富人;theliving生者。摘要写作中的注意事项5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面:Wheredoyoulive?Iliveonthesecondfloor.你住在哪?我住在二层。That’stheverythingI’vebeenlookingfor.那正是我要找的东西。6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.指全体教师)Theyareteachersofthisschool.(指部分教师)7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表身体部位的名词前:Shecaughtmebythearm..她抓住了我的手臂。8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:thePeople’sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国theUnitedStates美国摘要写作中的注意事项9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:Sheplaysthepiano.她会弹钢琴。10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:theGreens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)11)用在惯用语中:intheday,inthemorning(afternoon,evening),thedayaftertomorrowthedaybeforeyesterday,thenextmorning,inthesky(water,field,country)inthedark,intherain,inthedistance,inthemiddle(of),intheend,onthewhole,bytheway,gotothetheatre摘要写作中的注意事项•目录、标题中通常省略冠词•图、表的题目中有时可省略冠词•化学药品、化学物质前通常不加冠词•图的横、纵坐标轴的名称前一般不加冠词数词。避免用阿拉伯数字作首词,如:Threehundred…arecollected…中的Threehundred不要写成300.单复数。一些名词单复数形式不易辨认,从而造成谓语形式出错。摘要写作中的注意事项datumdatabacteriumbacteriamediummediacriterioncriteriamitochondrionmitochondrianucleusnucleianalysisanalysesdiagnosisdiagnoses摘要写作中的注意事项摘要中时态的应用:1)目的:背景介绍:一般现在时或现在完成时;目的说明:一般现在时,现在完成时,或一般过去时。2)材料、方法和结果:一律用一般过去时。过去完成时只用于说明研究前的情况或研究中某一点